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Using an AI assistant, we developed a method for systematically constructing controlled natural language for requirements based on formal specification patterns containing logical attributes. The method involves three stages: 1) compiling a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Natalia Garanina , Vladimir Zyubin , Igor Anureev

This work presents a framework to classify and evaluate distinct research abstract texts which are focused on the description of processes and their applications. In this context, this paper proposes natural language processing algorithms…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-06 Lucas G. O. Lopes , Thales M. A. Vieira , William W. M. Lira

Use case specifications have successfully been used for requirements description. They allow joining, in the same modeling space, the expectations of the stakeholders as well as the needs of the software engineer and analyst involved in the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2014-04-04 Rui Couto , António Nestor Ribeiro , José Creissac Campos

Cognitive systems generally require a human to translate a problem definition into some specification that the cognitive system can use to attempt to solve the problem or perform the task. In this paper, we illustrate that large language…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Robert E. Wray , James R. Kirk , John E. Laird

The development of architecture specifications is an initial and fundamental stage of the integrated circuit (IC) design process. Traditionally, architecture specifications are crafted by experienced chip architects, a process that is not…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-01-25 Mengming Li , Wenji Fang , Qijun Zhang , Zhiyao Xie

Natural Language Processing (NLP) plays an important role in our daily lives, particularly due to the enormous progress of Large Language Models (LLM). However, NLP has many fairness-critical use cases, e.g., as an expert system in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-04 Vincent Freiberger , Erik Buchmann

Automating test case specification generation is vital for improving the efficiency and accuracy of software testing, particularly in complex systems like high-performance Electronic Control Units (ECUs). This study investigates the use of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-02 Nikitha Medeshetty , Ahmad Nauman Ghazi , Sadi Alawadi , Fahed Alkhabbas

Automated testing plays a crucial role in ensuring software security. It heavily relies on formal specifications to validate the correctness of the system behavior. However, the main approach to defining these formal specifications is…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Hui Li , Zhen Dong , Siao Wang , Hui Zhang , Liwei Shen , Xin Peng , Dongdong She

This article provides an understanding of Natural Language Processing techniques in the framework of financial regulation, more specifically in order to perform semantic matching search between rules and policy when no dataset is available…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-16 Ixandra Achitouv , Dragos Gorduza , Antoine Jacquier

[Abridged Abstract] Recent technological advances underscore labor market dynamics, yielding significant consequences for employment prospects and increasing job vacancy data across platforms and languages. Aggregating such data holds…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Mike Zhang

Boosted by deep learning, natural language processing (NLP) techniques have recently seen spectacular progress, mainly fueled by breakthroughs both in representation learning with word embeddings (e.g. word2vec) as well as novel…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-07-26 Zied Ben Houidi , Dario Rossi

In this work, we provide a survey of active learning (AL) for its applications in natural language processing (NLP). In addition to a fine-grained categorization of query strategies, we also investigate several other important aspects of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-06 Zhisong Zhang , Emma Strubell , Eduard Hovy

Much algorithmic research in NLP aims to efficiently manipulate rich formal structures. An algorithm designer typically seeks to provide guarantees about their proposed algorithm -- for example, that its running time or space complexity is…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Tim Vieira , Ryan Cotterell , Jason Eisner

The use of natural language processing (NLP) is gaining popularity in software engineering. In order to correctly perform NLP, we must pre-process the textual information to separate natural language from other information, such as log…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-03-21 Mika V. Mäntylä , Fabio Calefato , Maelick Claes

Context: To reduce manual effort of extracting test cases from natural-language requirements, many approaches based on Natural Language Processing (NLP) have been proposed in the literature. Given the large amount of approaches in this…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-03-25 Vahid Garousi , Sara Bauer , Michael Felderer

Requirements expressed in natural language are an indispensable artifact in the software development process, as all stakeholders can understand them. However, their ambiguity poses a persistent challenge. To address this issue,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Mauro José Pacchiotti , Mariel Ale y Luciana Ballejos

Large Language Models (LLMs) are continuously being applied in a more diverse set of contexts. At their current state, however, even state-of-the-art LLMs such as Generative Pre-Trained Transformer 4 (GTP-4) have challenges when extracting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Felipe A. Rodriguez Y.

Recent advancements in natural language processing (NLP) have enabled the development of automated tools that support various domains, including software engineering. However, while NLP and artificial intelligence (AI) research has…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Sonia Nicoletti , Paolo Ciancarini

Tools constitute an essential contribution to natural language processing for requirements engineering (NLP4RE) research. They are executable instruments that make research usable and applicable in practice. In this chapter, we first…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Julian Frattini , Michael Unterkalmsteiner , Davide Fucci , Daniel Mendez

Requirements Engineering (RE) is the initial step towards building a software system. The success or failure of a software project is firmly tied to this phase, based on communication among stakeholders using natural language. The problem…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-12-07 Mohammad Kasra Habib , Stefan Wagner , Daniel Graziotin