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A classification of 2-dimensional surfaces imbedded in spacetime is presented, according to the algebraic properties of their shape tensor. The classification has five levels, and provides among other things a refinement of the concepts of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 José M M Senovilla

In this paper we study curvature types of immersed surfaces in three-dimensional (normed or) Minkowski spaces. By endowing the surface with a normal vector field, which is a transversal vector field given by the ambient Birkhoff…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2017-09-05 Vitor Balestro , Horst Martini , Ralph Teixeira

A classical question in geometry is whether surfaces with given geometric features can be realized as embedded surfaces in Euclidean space. In this paper, we construct an immersed, but not embedded, infinite $\{3,7\}$-surface in…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2022-03-28 Dami Lee

We first define a complex angle between two oriented spacelike planes in 4-dimensional Minkowski space, and then study the constant angle surfaces in that space, i.e. the oriented spacelike surfaces whose tangent planes form a constant…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2019-07-24 Pierre Bayard , Juan Monterde , Raúl C. Volpe

This is a latest survey article on embeddings of multibranched surfaces into 3-manifolds.

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2020-05-18 Makoto Ozawa

The group of bordism classes of unoriented surfaces in 4-space is determined. The bordism classes are characterized by normal Euler numbers,double linking numbers, and triple linking numbers.

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2007-05-23 J. Scott Carter , Seiichi Kamada , Masahico Saito , Shin Satoh

A surface in the 4-sphere is trivially embedded, if it bounds a 3-dimensional handle body in the 4-sphere. For a surface trivially embedded in the 4-sphere, a diffeomorphism over this surface is extensible if and only if this preserves the…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2014-10-01 Susumu Hirose

This paper is a continuation of the papers [2,3,4,5,6]. In this paper the osculating spaces of arbitrary order of a manifold embedded in Euclidean space are considered. A better estimation of their dimensions as well as the description of…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2025-01-28 Kostadin Trencevski

There exist four non-equivalent types of the translation hypersurfaces in the 4-dimensional isotropic space $\mathbb{I}^{4}$ generated by translating the curves lying in perpendicular $k-$planes $\left(k=2,3\right)$, due to its absolute…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2017-11-27 Muhittin Evren Aydin , Alper Osman Ogrenmis

In this article, we propose a new approach for describing and understanding knots and links in a 3-manifold through the use of an embedded non-orientable surface. Specifically, we define a plat-like representation based on this…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2025-03-04 Alessia Cattabriga , Paolo Cavicchioli , Rama Mishra , Visakh Narayanan

Let S be an immersed horizontal surface in a 3-dimensional graph manifold. We show that the fundamental group of the surface S is quadratically distorted whenever the surface is virtually embedded (i.e., separable) and is exponentially…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2019-02-13 G. Christopher Hruska , Hoang Thanh Nguyen

At any point of a surface in the four-dimensional Euclidean space we consider the geometric configuration consisting of two figures: the tangent indicatrix, which is a conic in the tangent plane, and the normal curvature ellipse. We show…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2009-05-28 Georgi Ganchev , Velichka Milousheva

We classify non-reductive four-dimensional homogeneous conformally Einstein manifolds.

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2017-03-27 E. Calviño-Louzao , E. García-Río , I. Gutiérrez-Rodríguez , R. Vázquez-Lorenzo

In this paper we give a geometrically invariant spinorial representation of surfaces in four-dimensional space forms. In the Euclidean space, we obtain a representation formula which generalizes the Weierstrass representation formula of…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2017-02-22 Pierre Bayard , Marie-Amelie Lawn , Julien Roth

We provide new examples of integrable rational maps in four dimensions with two rational invariants, which have unexpected geometric properties, as for example orbits confined to non algebraic varieties, and fall outside classes studied by…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2018-11-06 N. Joshi , CM. Viallet

This article presents an improvement and extension of the heuristic first presented by Hougardy, Lutz, and Zelke in 2010 for realizing triangulated orientable surfaces with few vertices by a simplex-wise linear embedding. The improvement…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2016-03-17 Ulrich Brehm , Undine Leopold

We study various classes of real hypersurfaces that are not embeddable into more special hypersurfaces in higher dimension, such as spheres, real algebraic compact strongly pseudoconvex hypersurfaces or compact pseudoconvex hypersurfaces of…

Complex Variables · Mathematics 2015-02-16 Xiaojun Huang , Dmitri Zaitsev

The numbers of $\mathbb{F}_q$-points of nonsingular hypersurfaces of a fixed degree in an odd-dimensional projective space are investigated, and an upper bound for them is given. Also we give the complete list of nonsingular hypersurfaces…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2016-11-09 Masaaki Homma , Seon Jeong Kim

The aim of this work is to adapt the complex analytic methods originating in modern Oka theory to the study of non-orientable conformal minimal surfaces in $\mathbb{R}^n$ for any $n\ge 3$. These methods, which we develop essentially from…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2020-04-09 Antonio Alarcon , Franc Forstneric , Francisco J. Lopez

We study the number of planes for four dimensional projective hypersurfaces which has so-called inductive structure. We also determine transcendental lattices for cubic fourfolds of this type.

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2021-06-14 Kenji Koike