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In recent years, open systems with balanced loss and gain, that are invariant under the combined parity and time-reversal ($\mathcal{PT}$) operations, have been studied via asymmetries of their solutions. They represent systems as diverse…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2014-12-23 Huidan , Yu , Xi Chen , Yousheng Xu , Yogesh N. Joglekar

It has been over a decade since the first experimental data from gold nuclei collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider suggested hydrodynamic behavior. While early ideal hydrodynamical models were surprisingly accurate in their…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2013-07-30 Joshua Vredevoogd

We use a hydrodynamical model to describe the evolution of the collision system at collision energies sqrt{s}=130 and 200 GeV. At lower sqrt{s}=130 GeV energy we compare the results obtained assuming fast or slow thermalization…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2009-11-07 P. Huovinen

In this paper, we are interested in the dynamics of charged particles interacting with the incompressible viscous flow. More precisely, we consider the Vlasov-Poisson or Vlasov-Poisson-Fokker-Planck equation coupled with the incompressible…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2021-01-05 Young-Pil Choi , Jinwook Jung

Comparing hydrodynamic simulations to heavy-ion data inevitably requires the conversion of the fluid to particles. This conversion, typically done in the Cooper-Frye formalism, is ambiguous for viscous fluids. We compute self-consistent…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2015-06-22 Zack Wolff , Denes Molnar

Valuable information on the dynamics of expanding fluids can be inferred from the response of such systems to perturbations in their initial geometry. We apply this technique in high-energy $^{96}$Ru+$^{96}$Ru and $^{96}$Zr+$^{96}$Zr…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2023-06-27 Jiangyong Jia , Giuliano Giacalone , Chunjian Zhang

Harmonic flow in relativistic heavy-ion collisions is observed in a broad range of rapidities, and the flow at different rapidities is correlated. However, fluctuations lead to a small decorrelation of the harmonic flow magnitudes and flow…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2019-02-20 Piotr Bozek , Wojciech Broniowski

The second and the third order anisotropic flow, $V_{2}$ and $V_3$, are mostly determined by the corresponding initial spatial anisotropy coefficients, $\varepsilon_{2}$ and $\varepsilon_{3}$, in the initial density distribution. In…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2017-12-27 ALICE Collaboration

Measurements of anisotropic flow Fourier coefficients ($v_n$) for inclusive charged particles and identified hadrons $\pi^{\pm}$, $K^{\pm}$, $p$, and $\bar{p}$ produced at midrapidity in Cu+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=200$ GeV are…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2019-08-13 A. Adare , C. Aidala , N. N. Ajitanand , Y. Akiba , R. Akimoto , J. Alexander , M. Alfred , K. Aoki , N. Apadula , H. Asano , E. T. Atomssa , T. C. Awes , B. Azmoun , V. Babintsev , M. Bai , X. Bai , N. S. Bandara , B. Bannier , K. N. Barish , S. Bathe , V. Baublis , C. Baumann , S. Baumgart , A. Bazilevsky , M. Beaumier , S. Beckman , R. Belmont , A. Berdnikov , Y. Berdnikov , D. Black , D. S. Blau , J. S. Bok , K. Boyle , M. L. Brooks , J. Bryslawskyj , H. Buesching , V. Bumazhnov , S. Butsyk , S. Campbell , C. -H. Chen , C. Y. Chi , M. Chiu , I. J. Choi , J. B. Choi , S. Choi , P. Christiansen , T. Chujo , V. Cianciolo , Z. Citron , B. A. Cole , N. Cronin , N. Crossette , M. Csanád , T. Csörgő , D. Danley , A. Datta , M. S. Daugherity , G. David , K. DeBlasio , K. Dehmelt , A. Denisov , A. Deshpande , E. J. Desmond , L. Ding , A. Dion , P. B. Diss , J. H. Do , L. D'Orazio , O. Drapier , A. Drees , K. A. Drees , J. M. Durham , A. Durum , T. Engelmore , A. Enokizono , S. Esumi , K. O. Eyser , B. Fadem , N. Feege , D. E. Fields , M. Finger , M. Finger, , F. Fleuret , S. L. Fokin , J. E. Frantz , A. Franz , A. D. Frawley , Y. Fukao , T. Fusayasu , K. Gainey , C. Gal , P. Gallus , P. Garg , A. Garishvili , I. Garishvili , H. Ge , F. Giordano , A. Glenn , X. Gong , M. Gonin , Y. Goto , R. Granier de Cassagnac , N. Grau , S. V. Greene , M. Grosse Perdekamp , Y. Gu , T. Gunji , H. Guragain , T. Hachiya , J. S. Haggerty , K. I. Hahn , H. Hamagaki , H. F. Hamilton , S. Y. Han , J. Hanks , S. Hasegawa , T. O. S. Haseler , K. Hashimoto , R. Hayano , X. He , T. K. Hemmick , T. Hester , J. C. Hill , R. S. Hollis , K. Homma , B. Hong , T. Hoshino , N. Hotvedt , J. Huang , S. Huang , T. Ichihara , Y. Ikeda , K. Imai , Y. Imazu , M. Inaba , A. Iordanova , D. Isenhower , A. Isinhue , D. Ivanishchev , B. V. Jacak , S. J. Jeon , M. Jezghani , J. Jia , X. Jiang , B. M. Johnson , K. S. Joo , D. Jouan , D. S. Jumper , J. Kamin , S. Kanda , B. H. Kang , J. H. Kang , J. S. Kang , J. Kapustinsky , D. Kawall , A. V. Kazantsev , J. A. Key , V. Khachatryan , P. K. Khandai , A. Khanzadeev , K. M. Kijima , C. Kim , D. J. Kim , E. -J. Kim , G. W. Kim , M. Kim , Y. -J. Kim , Y. K. Kim , B. Kimelman , E. Kistenev , R. Kitamura , J. Klatsky , D. Kleinjan , P. Kline , T. Koblesky , M. Kofarago , B. Komkov , J. Koster , D. Kotchetkov , D. Kotov , F. Krizek , K. Kurita , M. Kurosawa , Y. Kwon , R. Lacey , Y. S. Lai , J. G. Lajoie , A. Lebedev , D. M. Lee , G. H. Lee , J. Lee , K. B. Lee , K. S. Lee , S Lee , S. H. Lee , M. J. Leitch , M. Leitgab , B. Lewis , X. Li , S. H. Lim , M. X. Liu , D. Lynch , C. F. Maguire , Y. I. Makdisi , M. Makek , A. Manion , V. I. Manko , E. Mannel , T. Maruyama , M. McCumber , P. L. McGaughey , D. McGlinchey , C. McKinney , A. Meles , M. Mendoza , B. Meredith , Y. Miake , T. Mibe , A. C. Mignerey , A. Milov , D. K. Mishra , J. T. Mitchell , S. Miyasaka , S. Mizuno , A. K. Mohanty , S. Mohapatra , P. Montuenga , T. Moon , D. P. Morrison , M. Moskowitz , T. V. Moukhanova , T. Murakami , J. Murata , A. Mwai , T. Nagae , S. Nagamiya , K. Nagashima , J. L. Nagle , M. I. Nagy , I. Nakagawa , H. Nakagomi , Y. Nakamiya , K. R. Nakamura , T. Nakamura , K. Nakano , C. Nattrass , P. K. Netrakanti , M. Nihashi , T. Niida , S. Nishimura , R. Nouicer , T. Novak , N. Novitzky , A. S. Nyanin , E. O'Brien , C. A. Ogilvie , H. Oide , K. Okada , J. D. Orjuela Koop , J. D. Osborn , A. Oskarsson , K. Ozawa , R. Pak , V. Pantuev , V. Papavassiliou , I. H. Park , J. S. Park , S. Park , S. K. Park , S. F. Pate , L. Patel , M. Patel , J. -C. Peng , D. V. Perepelitsa , G. D. N. Perera , D. Yu. Peressounko , J. Perry , R. Petti , C. Pinkenburg , R. Pinson , R. P. Pisani , M. L. Purschke , H. Qu , J. Rak , B. J. Ramson , I. Ravinovich , K. F. Read , D. Reynolds , V. Riabov , Y. Riabov , E. Richardson , T. Rinn , N. Riveli , D. Roach , S. D. Rolnick , M. Rosati , Z. Rowan , J. G. Rubin , M. S. Ryu , B. Sahlmueller , N. Saito , T. Sakaguchi , H. Sako , V. Samsonov , M. Sarsour , S. Sato , S. Sawada , B. Schaefer , B. K. Schmoll , K. Sedgwick , J. Seele , R. Seidl , Y. Sekiguchi , A. Sen , R. Seto , P. Sett , A. Sexton , D. Sharma , A. Shaver , I. Shein , T. -A. Shibata , K. Shigaki , M. Shimomura , K. Shoji , P. Shukla , A. Sickles , C. L. Silva , D. Silvermyr , B. K. Singh , C. P. Singh , V. Singh , M. Skolnik , M. Slunečka , M. Snowball , S. Solano , R. A. Soltz , W. E. Sondheim , S. P. Sorensen , I. V. Sourikova , P. W. Stankus , P. Steinberg , E. Stenlund , M. Stepanov , A. Ster , S. P. Stoll , M. R. Stone , T. Sugitate , A. Sukhanov , T. Sumita , J. Sun , J. Sziklai , A. Takahara , A. Taketani , Y. Tanaka , K. Tanida , M. J. Tannenbaum , S. Tarafdar , A. Taranenko , E. Tennant , R. Tieulent , A. Timilsina , T. Todoroki , M. Tomášek , H. Torii , C. L. Towell , R. Towell , R. S. Towell , I. Tserruya , H. W. van Hecke , M. Vargyas , E. Vazquez-Zambrano , A. Veicht , J. Velkovska , R. Vértesi , M. Virius , V. Vrba , E. Vznuzdaev , X. R. Wang , D. Watanabe , K. Watanabe , Y. Watanabe , Y. S. Watanabe , F. Wei , S. Whitaker , A. S. White , S. Wolin , C. L. Woody , M. Wysocki , B. Xia , L. Xue , S. Yalcin , Y. L. Yamaguchi , A. Yanovich , S. Yokkaichi , J. H. Yoo , I. Yoon , Z. You , I. Younus , H. Yu , I. E. Yushmanov , W. A. Zajc , A. Zelenski , S. Zhou , L. Zou

Using classical as well as ab-initio molecular dynamics simulations, we calculate the frequency-dependent shear viscosity of pure water and water-glycerol mixtures. In agreement with recent experiments, we find deviations from…

We consider a purely harmonic chain of oscillators which is perturbed by a stochastic noise. Under this perturbation, the system exhibits two conserved quantities: the volume and the energy. At the level of the hydrodynamic limit, under…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-05-16 Patrícia Gonçalves , Kohei Hayashi , João Pedro Mangi

The presence of large event-by-event flow fluctuations in heavy ion collisions at RHIC and the LHC provides an opportunity to study a broad class of flow observables. This paper explores the correlations among harmonic flow coefficients…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2014-09-12 Peng Huo , Jiangyong Jia , Soumya Mohapatra

Within a (3+1)D viscous hydrodynamic model we compute anisotropic flow in small system collisions as performed at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and measured by the STAR and PHENIX Collaborations. We emphasize the importance of the…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2023-12-21 Sangwook Ryu , Bjoern Schenke , Chun Shen , Wenbin Zhao

Hydrodynamic model simulations of Au-Au collisions at RHIC have indicated recently, that with improved simulations in the coming years, it may be feasible to quantify the viscosity of the matter produced in heavy ion collisions. To this…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 Rudolf Baier , Paul Romatschke , Urs Achim Wiedemann

Evolution of quark-gluon plasma (QGP) near equilibrium can be described by the second-order relativistic viscous hydrodynamic equations. Consistent and analytically verifiable numerical solutions are critical for phenomenological studies of…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-05-06 Long-Gang Pang , Yoshitaka Hatta , Xin-Nian Wang , Bo-Wen Xiao

A scaling analysis is undertaken for the load balance in sliding friction in the hydrodynamic lubrication regime, with a particular emphasis on power-law shear-thinning typical of a structured liquid. It is argued that the shear-thinning…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2023-07-11 Patrick B. Warren

We analyze published data from the ALICE Collaboration in order to obtain the first extraction of the recently-proposed rapidity-even directed flow observable v1. An accounting of the correlation due to the conservation of transverse…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2013-05-01 Ekaterina Retinskaya , Matthew Luzum , Jean-Yves Ollitrault

ATLAS measurements of the azimuthal anisotropy in lead-lead collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=2.76$ TeV are shown using a dataset of approximately 7 $\mu$b$^{-1}$ collected at the LHC in 2010. The measurements are performed for charged particles…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2014-12-23 ATLAS Collaboration

Recent measurements at the LHC involve the correlation of different azimuthal flow harmonics $v_n$. These new observables add constraints to theoretical models and probe aspects of the system that are independent of the traditional…

Two-particle correlations in relative rapidity and azimuth are studied for the p-Pb collisions at the LHC energy of 5.02 TeV in the framework of event-by-event 3+1-dimensional viscous hydrodynamics. It is found that for the…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2013-01-16 Piotr Bozek , Wojciech Broniowski
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