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The problem of measurement in quantum mechanics is reanalyzed within a general, strictly probabilistic framework (without reduction postulate). Based on a novel comprehensive definition of measurement the natural emergence of objective…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Markus Simonius

This paper describes a simple, causally deterministic model of quantum measurement based on an amplitude threshold detection scheme. Surprisingly, it is found to reproduce many phenomena normally thought to be uniquely quantum in nature. To…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-28 Brian R. La Cour

This is an attempt to create a consistent and non-trivial extension of quantum theory, describing in detail the quantum measurement process. A tentative but concrete model is presented, based on the concept of multiple…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Jose L Balduz

The quantum mechanics postulate called the Born Rule attributes a probabilistic meaning to a wave function. This paper derives the Born Rule from other quantum principles along with a model of the measurement process. The nondeterministic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-22 Alan Schaum

The quantum measurement problem considered for the model of measuring system (MS) consist of measured state S (particle), detector D and information processing device (observer) $O$ interacting with S,D. For 'external' observer $O'$ MS…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Mayburov. S

For a projective measurement, the Born rule provides the probability for an outcome in terms of the inner product between a projector and a quantum state. If the projector represents a pure entangled state and the state for a composite…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-03-16 Arun Sehrawat

A measurement model is a framework that describes a quantum measurement process. In this article we restrict attention to $MM$s on finite-dimensional Hilbert spaces. Suppose we want to measure an observable $A$ whose outcomes $A_x$ are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-09-29 Stan Gudder

I provide a simple derivation of the Born rule as giving a classical probability, that is, the ratio of the measure of favorable states of the system to the measure of its total possible states. In classical systems, the probability is due…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-29 Ovidiu Cristinel Stoica

We study the quantum measurement problem in the context of an infinite, statistically uniform space, as could be generated by eternal inflation. It has recently been argued that when identical copies of a quantum measurement system exist,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-29 Anthony Aguirre , Max Tegmark

Any realist interpretation of quantum theory must grapple with the measurement problem and the status of state-vector collapse. In a no-collapse approach, measurement is typically modeled as a dynamical process involving decoherence. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-09-22 Jacob A. Barandes , David Kagan

A model of quantum measurement is proposed, which aims to describe statistical mechanical aspects of this phenomenon, starting from a purely Hamiltonian formulation. The macroscopic measurement apparatus is modeled as an ideal Bose gas, the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2016-08-31 Armen E. Allahverdyan , Roger Balian , Theo M. Nieuwenhuizen

This work introduces a novel model of quantum entities as unified, physically extended wavefields, forming the basis for a testable realist, holist framework for quantum measurement and collapse. Unlike interpretations that postulate hidden…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-14 Jason D. Runyan

A scheme for constructing quantum mechanics is given that does not have Hilbert space and linear operators as its basic elements. Instead, a version of algebraic approach is considered. Elements of a noncommutative algebra (observables) and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-13 D. A. Slavnov

I argue that the rules of unitary quantum mechanics imply that observers who will themselves be subject to measurements in a linear combination of macroscopic states (``cat" measurements) cannot make reliable predictions on the results of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-22 Alexios P. Polychronakos

We present a generic model of (non-destructive) quantum measurement. Being formulated within reversible quantum mechanics, the model illustrates a mechanism of a measurement process --- a transition of the measured system to an eigenstate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-11-06 Karl-Erik Eriksson , Martin Cederwall , Kristian Lindgren , Erik Sjöqvist

To measure an observable of a quantum mechanical system leaves it in one of its eigenstates and the result of the measurement is one of its eigenvalues. This process is shown to be a computational resource. It allows one, in principle, to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-06 Stefan Weigert

Character of observables in classical physics and quantum theory is reflected upon. Born rule in the context of measurement being an interaction between two quantum systems is discussed. A pedagogical introduction to Finkelstein-Hartle…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-05-24 Patrick Das Gupta

Quantum mechanics traditionally places the observer outside of the system being studied and employs the Born interpretation. In this and related papers the observer is placed inside the system. To accomplish this, special rules are required…

General Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Richard A. Mould

We show that probabilities of results of all possible measurements performing on a quantum system depend on the system's state only through its density matrix. Therefore all experimentally available information about the state contains in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-02-01 Alexey Nenashev

Quantum mechanics traditionally places the observer outside of the system being studied and employs the Born interpretation. In this and related papers the observer is placed inside the system. To accomplish this, special rules are required…

General Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Richard A Mould