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Exploiting electro-optic effects in liquid crystals, we achieved real-time control of the retardation of liquid- crystal-based $q$-plates through an externally applied voltage. The newly conceived electro-optic $q$-plates can be operated as…

We present a general theory of spin-to-orbital angular momentum (AM) conversion of light in focusing, scattering, and imaging optical systems. Our theory employs universal geometric transformations of nonparaxial optical fields in such…

Spin-orbit interactions in optics traditionally describe an influence of the polarization degree of freedom of light on its spatial properties. The most prominent example is the generation of a spin-dependent optical vortex upon focusing or…

Optics · Physics 2019-03-06 Sergey Nechayev , Jörg S. Eismann , Gerd Leuchs , Peter Banzer

We propose the design of a space-variant Wien filter for electron beams that induces a spin half-turn and converts the corresponding spin angular momentum variation into orbital angular momentum of the beam itself by exploiting a…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2012-01-31 Ebrahim Karimi , Lorenzo Marrucci , Vincenzo Grillo , Enrico Santamato

We develop a weak measurement scheme for measuring orbital angular momentum (OAM) of light based on the global topology in wave function. We introduce the spin-orbit coupling to transform the measurement of OAM to the pre- and postselected…

Optics · Physics 2024-10-02 Junfan Zhu , An Wang , Yurong Liu , Fuhua Gao , Zhiyou Zhang

Orbital angular momentum is an important concept in optics, thus numerous researches explore the principles and applications of light beams with orbital angular momentum. This type of light beam is also called vortex beam, whose inherent…

Optics · Physics 2025-10-21 Charles Chen

Spin and angular momenta of light are important degrees of freedom in nanophotonics which control light propagation, optical forces and information encoding. Typically, optical angular momentum is generated using q-plates or spatial light…

Optics · Physics 2020-02-28 Alessandro Ciattoni , Claudio Conti , Anatoly Zayats , Andrea Marini

Satellite-based quantum communications enable a bright future for global-scale information security. However, the spin orbital momentum of light, currently used in many mainstream quantum communication systems, only allows for quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-07 Ziqing Wang , Robert Malaney , Jonathan Green

Plasmonic vortices (PV) excited by a highly focused radially polarized optical vortex (RPOV) beam on a metal surface are investigated experimentally and theoretically. The proposed method reveals a direct phase singularity and orbital…

Optics · Physics 2011-10-11 X. -C. Yuan , Z. J. Hu , G. H. Yuan , Z. Shen

Converting spin angular momentum to orbital angular momentum has been shown to be a practical and efficient method for generating optical beams carrying orbital angular momentum and possessing a space-varying polarized field. Here, we…

Orbital angular momentum (OAM) has gained great interest due to its most attractive feature of high dimensionality, and several ground-breaking demonstrations in communication based on OAM multiplexing have been carried out. Accordingly, a…

Optics · Physics 2016-02-22 Zhihan Zhu , Wei Gao , Chunyuan Mu , Hongwei Li

Optical orbital angular momentum (OAM) provides an additional dimension for photons to carry information in high-capacity optical communication. Although the practical needs have intrigued the generations of miniaturized devices to…

Optical vortex beams are a type of topological light characterized by their inherent orbital angular momentum, leading to the propagation of a spiral-shaped wavefront. In this study, we focus on two-dimensional electrons with Rashba and…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-12-04 Shunki Yamamoto , Masahiro Sato , Satoshi Fujimoto , Takeshi Mizushima

Light can carry a spin angular momentum, an intrinsic and extrinsic orbital angular momentum, associated with a circular polarization, optical vortex beams, and varying beam trajectories, respectively. The interplay between these momenta…

Optics · Physics 2026-05-12 Raghvendra P. Chaudhary , Imon Kalyan , Nir Shitrit

Optical orbital angular momentum (OAM), as an important degree of freedom of light, has been attracted extensive attention, due to its intrinsic feature of natural discrete infinite dimension. Manipulation of OAM spectra is crucial for many…

Modern information technologies rely on controlling the flow of electrons through their charge and spin. A rapidly emerging alternative is to use the orbital motion of electrons, the way they circulate around atomic sites as a new carrier…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2026-04-30 Sobhan Subhra Mishra , Ranjan Singh

Dynamic generation of obitial angular momentum (OAM) of light has enabled complex manipulation of micro-particles, high-dimension quantum entanglement and optical communication. We report an analog vortex transmitter made of one bilaterally…

Optics · Physics 2015-04-09 Kun Huang , Hong Liu , M. Q. Mehmood , S. Mei , A. Danner , Jinghua Teng , Chengwei Qiu

Light-induced rotation of absorbing microscopic particles by transfer of angular momentum from light to the material raises the possibility of optically driven micromachines. The phenomenon has been observed using elliptically polarized…

We present a comprehensive review on the geometric-phase based metasurfaces for orbital angular momentum(OAM) generation and detection. These metasurfaces manipulate the electromagnetic (EM) wave by introducing abrupt phase change, which is…

Optics · Physics 2018-03-12 Menglin L. N. Chen , Li Jun Jiang , Wei E. I. Sha

We propose and experimentally demonstrate that a metasurface consisting of Pancharatnam-Berry phase optical elements can enable the full control of optical spin-to-orbital angular momentum conversion. Our approach relies on the critical…