Related papers: Characterization of inner product spaces
In this paper we present a new criterion on characterization of real inner product spaces. We conclude that a real normed space $(X, \|...\|)$ is an inner product space if $$\sum_{\epsilon_i \in \{-1,1\}} \|x_1 +…
A finite-dimensional normed space is an inner product space if and only if the set of norming vectors of any endomorphism is a linear subspace. This theorem was proved by Sain and Paul for real scalars. In this paper, we give a different…
In a normed linear space X an element x is said to be orthogonal to another element y in the sense of Birkhoff-James, written as $ x \perp_{B}y, $ iff $ \| x \| \leq \| x + \lambda y \| $ for all scalars $ \lambda.$ We prove that a normed…
We give a new characterisation of inner product spaces amongst normed vector spaces in terms of the maximal cirumradius of spheres. It turns out that a normed vector space $(X,\norm{\cdot})$ with $\dim X\geq 2$ is an inner product space if…
We introduce the notion of approximate smoothness in a normed linear space. We characterize this property and show the connections between smoothness and approximate smoothness for some spaces. As an application, we consider in particular…
We show that a normed linear space is isometrically isomorphic to an inner product space if and only if it is a strongly $n$-point homogeneous metric space for any (or every) $n \geqslant 3$. The counterpart for $n=2$ is the Banach-Mazur…
Let $X$ be a real normed space with unit sphere S. We prove that $X$ is an inner product space if and only if there exists a real number $\rho=\sqrt{(1+\cos\frac{2k\pi}{2m+1})/2}$, $(k=1,2,\ldots , m ;\:m=1,2,\ldots)$, such that every chord…
We study two notions of approximate Birkhoff-James orthogonality in a normed space, from a geometric point of view, and characterize them in terms of normal cones. We further explore the interconnection between normal cones and approximate…
We completely characterize smoothness of bounded linear operators between infinite dimensional real normed linear spaces, probably for the very first time, by applying the concepts of Birkhoff-James orthogonality and semi-inner-products in…
We consider $\ell_p$-direct sums ($1\leq p<\infty$) and $c_0$-direct sums of countably many normed spaces and find the duals of these spaces. We characterize the support functionals of arbitrary elements in these spaces to characterize…
We show that, for vector spaces in which distance measurement is performed using a gauge, the existence of best coapproximations in $1$-codimensional closed linear subspaces implies in dimensions $\geq 2$ that the gauge is a norm, and in…
In this paper, we study Birkhoff-James orthogonality of bounded linear operators and give a complete characterization of Birkhoff-James orthogonality of bounded linear operators on infinite dimensional real normed linear spaces. As an…
The parametrization theorem is derived in a flat nD pseudo-complex affine space. The pseudo-complex hyperbolic space accomodates n-number of uncompactified time-like extra dimensions with sugnature (s,r), where s and r are the numbers of…
We introduce the notion of strongly orthogonal set relative to an element in the sense of Birkhoff-James in a normed linear space to find a necessary and sufficient condition for an element $ x $ of the unit sphere $ S_{X}$ to be an exposed…
We study Birkhoff-James orthogonality of compact (bounded) linear operators between Hilbert spaces and Banach spaces. Applying the notion of semi-inner-products in normed linear spaces and some related geometric ideas, we generalize and…
There are two notions of approximate Birkhoff-James orthogonality in a normed space. We characterize both the notions of approximate Birkhoff-James orthogonality in the space of bounded linear operators defined on a normed space. A complete…
We characterize the best coapproximation(s) to a given matrix $ T $ out of a given subspace $ \mathbb{Y} $ of the space of diagonal matrices $ \mathcal{D}_n $, by using Birkhoff-James orthogonality techniques and with the help of a newly…
Let $P_N(R)$ be the space of all real polynomials in $N$ variables with the usual inner product $<, >$ on it, given by integrating over the unit sphere. We start by deriving an explicit combinatorial formula for the bilinear form…
In this article, we generalize the notion of orthogonality as a linear combination of norm derivatives in order to give a novel concept that we refer to as $\rho_{\alpha,\beta}$-orthogonality. Also, we discuss some of its geometric…
We study the properties of rectangular constant $ \mu(\mathbb{X}) $ in a normed linear space $\mathbb{X}$. We prove that $ \mu(\mathbb{X}) = 3$ iff the unit sphere contains a straight line segment of length 2. In fact, we prove that the…