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The consensus problem is a fundamental problem in distributed systems. It involves a set of actors, or entities, that need to agree on some values or decisions. The Raft algorithm is a solution to the consensus problem that has gained…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Parth Bora , Pham Duc Minh , Tim A. C. Willemse

Distributed consensus is a fundamental primitive for constructing fault-tolerant, strongly-consistent distributed systems. Though many distributed consensus algorithms have been proposed, just two dominate production systems: Paxos, the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-04-29 Heidi Howard , Richard Mortier

Conventional consensus algorithms, such as Paxos and Raft, encounter inefficiencies when applied to large-scale distributed systems due to the requirement of waiting for replies from a majority of nodes. To address these challenges, we…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Gengrui Zhang , Shiquan Zhang , Michail Bachras , Yuqiu Zhang , Hans-Arno Jacobsen

Robotics has made remarkable hardware strides-from DARPA's Urban and Robotics Challenges to the first humanoid-robot kickboxing tournament-yet commercial autonomy still lags behind progress in machine learning. A major bottleneck is…

In recent years, Raft has overtaken Paxos as the consensus algorithm of choice. [53] While many have pointed out similarities between the two protocols, no one has formally mapped out their relationships. In this paper, we show how Raft and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-05-28 Zhaoguo Wang , Changgeng Zhao , Shuai Mu , Haibo Chen , Jinyang Li

The randomized Kaczmarz ($\RK$) algorithm is a simple but powerful approach for solving consistent linear systems $Ax=b$. This paper proposes an accelerated randomized Kaczmarz ($\ARK$) algorithm with better convergence than the standard…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2014-06-10 Ji Liu , Stephen J. Wright

Consensus is one of the key problems in blockchains. There are many articles analyzing the performance of threat models for blockchains. But the network stability seems lack of attention, which in fact affects the blockchain performance.…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2018-08-06 Dongyan Huang , Xiaoli Ma , Shengli Zhang

One of the significant problem in peer-to-peer databases is collision problem. These databases do not rely on a central leader that is a reason to increase scalability and fault tolerance. Utilizing these systems in high throughput…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-11-05 Mohammad Fazlali , Sara Moazezi Eftekhar , Mohammad Mahdi Dehshibi , Hadi Tabatabaee Malazi , Masoud Nosrati

Large-scale, fault-tolerant, distributed systems are the backbone for many critical software services. Since they must execute correctly in a possibly adversarial environment with arbitrary communication delays and failures, the underlying…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2023-04-25 Cezara Dragoi , Constantin Enea , Srinidhi Nagendra , Mandayam Srivas

Blockchain technology enables stakeholders to conduct trusted data sharing and exchange without a trusted centralized institution. These features make blockchain applications attractive to enhance trustworthiness in very different contexts.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-07-18 Xiaohui Zhang , Mingying Xue , Xianghua Miao

Consensus protocols are crucial for reliable distributed systems as they let them cope with network and server failures. For decades, most consensus protocols have been designed as variations of the seminal Paxos, yet in 2014 Raft was…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-04-29 Hugues Evrard

Bitcoin is the cryptocurrency with the largest market capitalisation, but its widespread adoption is fundamentally limited by the scalability constraints of its consensus algorithm, which requires every transaction to be confirmed onchain.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Pim Keer , Matteo Maffei , Marco Argentieri , Andrew Camilleri , Zeta Avarikioti

Previous efforts on reconfigurable analog circuits mostly focused on specialized analog circuits, produced through careful co-design, or on highly reconfigurable, but relatively resource inefficient, accelerators that implement analog…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Yu-Neng Wang , Glenn Cowan , Ulrich Rührmair , Sara Achour

The Hashgraph consensus algorithm is an algorithm for asynchronous Byzantine fault tolerance intended for distributed shared ledgers. Its main distinguishing characteristic is it achieves consensus without exchanging any extra messages;…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Karl Crary

Distributed consensus, the ability to reach agreement in the face of failures and asynchrony, is a fundamental primitive for constructing reliable distributed systems from unreliable components. The Paxos algorithm is synonymous with…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-02-20 Heidi Howard , Richard Mortier

Inconsistent outputs and hallucinations from large language models (LLMs) are major obstacles to reliable AI systems. When different proprietary reasoning models (RMs), such as those by OpenAI, Google, Anthropic, DeepSeek, and xAI, are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Kolawole E. Ogunsina , Morayo A. Ogunsina

Agreement among a set of processes and in the presence of partial failures is one of the fundamental problems of distributed systems. In the most general case, many decisions must be agreed upon over the lifetime of a system with…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-09-01 Seif Haridi , Lars Kroll , Paris Carbone

This paper revisits the ubiquitous problem of achieving state machine replication in blockchains based on repeated consensus, like Tendermint. To achieve state machine replication in blockchains built on top of consensus, one needs to…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-01-11 Silvia Bonomi , Antonella Del Pozzo , Álvaro García-Pérez , Sara Tucci-Piergiovanni

A primary goal of online deliberation platforms is to identify ideas that are broadly agreeable to a community of users through their expressed preferences. Yet, consensus elicitation should ideally extend beyond the specific statements…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Carter Blair , Ben Armstrong , Shiri Alouf-Heffetz , Nimrod Talmon , Davide Grossi

In this paper, we introduce a novel adaptation of the Raft consensus algorithm for achieving emergent formation control in multi-agent systems with a single integrator dynamics. This strategy, dubbed "Rafting," enables robust cooperation…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Abbas Tariverdi , Jim Torresen
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