Related papers: Fermat's Last Theorem over some small real quadrat…

We study the arithmetic of the twist of the Fermat quartic defined by $X^4 + Y^4 + Z^4 = 0$ which has no $\mathbb{Q}$-rational point. We calculate the Mordell--Weil group of the Jacobian variety explicilty. We show that the degree $0$ part…

The first case of Fermat's Last Theorem for a prime exponent $p$ can sometimes be proved using the existence of local obstructions. In 1823, Sophie Germain has obtained an important result in this direction by establishing that, if $2p+1$…

Given odd, coprime integers $a$, $b$ ($a>0$), we consider the Diophantine equation $ax^2+b^{2l}=4y^n$, $x, y\in\Bbb Z$, $l \in \Bbb N$, $n$ odd prime, $\gcd(x,y)=1$. We completely solve the above Diophantine equation for…

Given positive integers $j,k$, with $j\geq 2$, we show that there are positive integers $d,e$ such that $\sqrt{d}$ has continued fraction expansion $\sqrt{d}=[e,\overline{k,\dots,k,2e}]$, with period $j$, if and only if $k$ is even or…

Two centuries ago, Sophie Germain began to work on her grand plan to prove the theorem of Fermat, the famous conjecture that $x^n + y^n = z^n$ is impossible for nonzero integral values of $x$, $y$, and $z$, when $n > 2$. At that time, this…

Let $A$ be a sufficiently dense subset of a finite field $\mathbb F_q$ or a finite, cyclic ring $\mathbb Z/ N\mathbb Z$. Assuming that $q$ and $N$ have no small prime divisors, we show that generalised Fermat equations have the expected…

In 1988 Garcia and Voloch proved the upper bound 4n^{4/3}(p-1)^{2/3} for the number of solutions over a prime finite field F_p of the Fermat equation x^n+y^n=a, where a \in F_p^* and n \ge 2 is a divisor of p-1 such that (n-1/2)^4 \ge p-1.…

David Hilbert proved that a non-negative real quartic form f(x,y,z) is the sum of three squares of quadratic forms. We give a new proof which shows that if the complex plane curve Q defined by f is smooth, then f has exactly 8 such…

A well-known result of von zur Gathen asserts that a non-exceptional permutation polynomial of degree $n$ over $\mathbb{F}_{q}$ exists only if $q<n^{4}$. With the help of the Weil bound for the number of $\mathbb{F}_{q}$-points on an…

We give some new, simple results on the equation X^p + Y^p = Z^q.

Even though four theorems are actually proved in this paper, two are the main ones,Teorems 1 and 3. In Theorem 1 we show that if a and be are odd squarefree positive integers satisfying certain quadratic residue conditions; then there…

For every $n \geq 2$ we determine the asymptotic formula for the number of integer triples $(a,b,c)$ of bounded absolute value such that the generalised Fermat equation given by $ax^n+by^n+cz^n=0$ is everywhere locally soluble. We compute…

Let $K$ be a totally real number field and $\mathcal{O}_K$ be the ring of integers of $K$. In this article, we study the asymptotic solutions of the generalized Fermat equation $Ax^p+By^p+Cz^p=0$ over $K$ with prime exponent $p$, where…

Let p be a prime number, F a totally real field such that [F(mu_p): F]=2 and [F:Q] is odd. For delta \in F^times, let [delta] denote its class in F^times/F^{times p}. In this paper, we show Main Theorem. There are infinitely many classes…

Assume that $n$ is a positive integer, $p_{j}$ ($j=1,2, \cdots, 6)$ are polynomials, $p$ is an irreducible polynomial, and $f$ is an entire function on $\mathbb{C}^{n}.$ Let $ L(f)=\sum_{j=1}^s q_{t_j}f_{z_{t_j}}$ and…

Let $F\in\mathbb{C}[x,y,s,t]$ be an irreducible constant-degree polynomial, and let $A,B,C,D\subset\mathbb{C}$ be finite sets of size $n$. We show that $F$ vanishes on at most $O(n^{8/3})$ points of the Cartesian product $A\times B\times…

Fermat's Last Theorem (FLT) implies that the Frey curves do not exist. A proof of FLT independent of proved Taniyama-Shimura-Weil conjecture is presented.

Euler presents a third proof of the Fermat theorem, the one that lets us call it the Euler-Fermat theorem. This seems to be the proof that Euler likes best. He also proves that the smallest power x^n that, when divided by a numer N, prime…

We give an improved asymptotic upper bound on the number of diagonal Fermat curves $Ax^{\ell}+By^{\ell}=z^{\ell}$ over $\mathbb{F}_{q}$ with no $\mathbb{F}_{q}$-rational points, where $\ell$ is a prime number dividing $q-1$.

It is shown that the sum of class numbers of orders in totally complex quartic fields with no real quadratic subfield obeys an asymptotic law similar to the prime numbers, as the bound on the regulators tends to infinity. Here only orders…