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We present explicit classes of probability distributions that can be learned by Restricted Boltzmann Machines (RBMs) depending on the number of units that they contain, and which are representative for the expressive power of the model. We…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2014-06-13 Guido Montufar , Johannes Rauh , Nihat Ay

The Restricted Boltzmann Machine (RBM), an important tool used in machine learning in particular for unsupervized learning tasks, is investigated from the perspective of its spectral properties. Starting from empirical observations, we…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2018-01-17 Aurélien Decelle , Giancarlo Fissore , Cyril Furtlehner

We investigate the potential of a restricted Boltzmann Machine (RBM) for discriminative representation learning. By imposing the class information preservation constraints on the hidden layer of the RBM, we propose a Signed Laplacian…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-08-29 Dongdong Chen , Jiancheng Lv , Mike E. Davies

A restricted Boltzmann machine (RBM) learns a probability distribution over its input samples and has numerous uses like dimensionality reduction, classification and generative modeling. Conventional RBMs accept vectorized data that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-11-13 Cong Chen , Kim Batselier , Ching-Yun Ko , Ngai Wong

The restricted Boltzmann machine (RBM) is a flexible tool for modeling complex data, however there have been significant computational difficulties in using RBMs to model high-dimensional multinomial observations. In natural language…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2012-07-06 George E. Dahl , Ryan P. Adams , Hugo Larochelle

We introduce Thurstonian Boltzmann Machines (TBM), a unified architecture that can naturally incorporate a wide range of data inputs at the same time. Our motivation rests in the Thurstonian view that many discrete data types can be…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2014-08-04 Truyen Tran , Dinh Phung , Svetha Venkatesh

In this article we provide a method for fully quantum generative training of quantum Boltzmann machines with both visible and hidden units while using quantum relative entropy as an objective. This is significant because prior methods were…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-05-27 Nathan Wiebe , Leonard Wossnig

The restricted Boltzmann machine is a graphical model for binary random variables. Based on a complete bipartite graph separating hidden and observed variables, it is the binary analog to the factor analysis model. We study this graphical…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2009-09-01 Maria Angelica Cueto , Jason Morton , Bernd Sturmfels

The deep extension of the restricted Boltzmann machine (RBM), known as the deep Boltzmann machine (DBM), is an expressive family of machine learning models which can serve as compact representations of complex probability distributions.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-18 Haik Manukian , Massimiliano Di Ventra

Restricted Boltzmann machines are energy models made of a visible and a hidden layer. We identify an effective energy function describing the zero-temperature landscape on the visible units and depending only on the tail behaviour of the…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-10-31 Giuseppe Genovese

Restricted Boltzmann Machines are simple yet powerful neural networks. They can be used for learning structure in data, and are used as a building block of more complex neural architectures. At the same time, their simplicity makes them…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2025-01-09 Giovanni di Sarra , Barbara Bravi , Yasser Roudi

We consider restricted Boltzmann machines with a binary visible layer and a Gaussian hidden layer trained by an unlabelled dataset composed of noisy realizations of a single ground pattern. We develop a statistical mechanics framework to…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2024-06-17 Alberto Fachechi , Elena Agliari , Miriam Aquaro , Anthony Coolen , Menno Mulder

We propose a method to decrease the number of hidden units of the restricted Boltzmann machine while avoiding decrease of the performance measured by the Kullback-Leibler divergence. Then, we demonstrate our algorithm by using numerical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-13 Yohei Saito , Takuya Kato

Restricted Boltzmann machines (RBMs) have demonstrated considerable success as variational quantum states; however, their representational power remains incompletely understood. In this work, we present an analytical proof that RBMs can…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-29 Yuan-Hang Zhang , Zhian Jia , Yu-Chun Wu , Guang-Can Guo

Restricted Boltzmann machines (RBMs) are a class of neural networks that have been successfully employed as a variational ansatz for quantum many-body wave functions. Here, we develop an analytic method to study quantum many-body spin…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-06 Xiao-Qi Sun , Tamra Nebabu , Xizhi Han , Michael O. Flynn , Xiao-Liang Qi

We present a theoretical analysis of Gaussian-binary restricted Boltzmann machines (GRBMs) from the perspective of density models. The key aspect of this analysis is to show that GRBMs can be formulated as a constrained mixture of…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2017-02-06 Nan Wang , Jan Melchior , Laurenz Wiskott

Classification of sequence data is the topic of interest for dynamic Bayesian models and Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs). While the former can explicitly model the temporal dependencies between class variables, the latter have a capability…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-03-12 Son N. Tran , Srikanth Cherla , Artur Garcez , Tillman Weyde

Restricted Boltzmann machine (RBM) provide a general framework for modeling physical systems, but their behavior is dependent on hyperparameters such as the learning rate, the number of hidden nodes and the form of the threshold function.…

Computational Physics · Physics 2020-04-28 David Yevick , Roger Melko

The restricted Boltzmann machine (RBM) is one of the fundamental building blocks of deep learning. RBM finds wide applications in dimensional reduction, feature extraction, and recommender systems via modeling the probability distributions…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2018-02-07 Jing Chen , Song Cheng , Haidong Xie , Lei Wang , Tao Xiang

Restricted Boltzmann Machines (RBM) are simple statistical models defined on a bipartite graph which have been successfully used in studying more complicated many-body systems, both classical and quantum. In this work, we exploit the…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2021-01-13 Ermal Rrapaj , Alessandro Roggero