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Direct observations of current-induced domain-wall propagation by spin-polarized scanning electron microscopy are reported. Current pulses move head-to-head as well as tail-to-tail walls in sub-micrometer Fe_{20}Ni_{80} wires in the…

Other Condensed Matter · Physics 2009-11-11 M. Klaui , P. -O. Jubert , R. Allenspach , A. Bischof , J. A. C. Bland , G. Faini , U. Rudiger , C. A. F. Vaz , L. Vila , C. Vouille

Research on the vulnerability of electric networks with a complex network approach has produced significant results in the last decade, especially for transmission networks. These studies have shown that there are causal relations between…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-09-11 Bálint Hartmann , Tamás Soha , Michelle T. Cirunay , Tímea Erdei

Network science has experienced unprecedented rapid development in the past two decades. The network perspective has also been widely applied to explore various complex systems in great depth. In the first decade, fundamental…

Physics and Society · Physics 2020-01-13 Aming Li , Yang-Yu Liu

Inspired by empirical studies of networked systems such as the Internet, social networks, and biological networks, researchers have in recent years developed a variety of techniques and models to help us understand or predict the behavior…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-06-24 M. E. J. Newman

We find that a wide class of developing and decaying networks has scaling properties similar to those that were recently observed by Barab\'{a}si and Albert in the particular case of growing networks. The networks considered here evolve…

Condensed Matter · Physics 2009-10-31 S. N. Dorogovtsev , J. F. F. Mendes

Approaches from statistical physics are applied to investigate the structure of network models whose growth rules mimic aspects of the evolution of the world-wide web. We first determine the degree distribution of a growing network in which…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-08-23 P. L. Krapivsky , S. Redner

We investigate opinion dynamics in multi-agent networks when a bias toward one of two possible opinions exists; for example, reflecting a status quo vs a superior alternative. Starting with all agents sharing an initial opinion representing…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2021-03-09 Aris Anagnostopoulos , Luca Becchetti , Emilio Cruciani , Francesco Pasquale , Sara Rizzo

We study the role of domain walls and their relics in the very early Universe within the framework of the mode-matching technique. Domain walls formed during the spontaneous breaking of discrete symmetries are modelled as a short lived…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-03 K. K. Venkataratnam

We found that models of evolving random networks exhibit dynamic scaling similar to scaling of growing surfaces. It is demonstrated by numerical simulations of two variants of the model in which nodes are added as well as removed [Phys.…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-07 Miroslav Kotrla , Frantisek Slanina , Jakub Steiner

We develop an analytical framework for understanding how the generated distribution evolves during diffusion model training. Leveraging a Gaussian-equivalence principle, we solve the full-batch gradient-flow dynamics of linear and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Binxu Wang , Cengiz Pehlevan

In the first-order phase transitions (PTs) colliding bubble is an important gravitational wave (GW) source. Following bubble collision, domain walls can be formed when degenerate vacua occur as a result of the breaking of a discrete…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2022-08-16 Dongdong Wei , Yun Jiang

In a complex network, different groups of nodes may have existed for different amounts of time. To detect the evolutionary history of a network is of great importance. We present a general method based on spectral analysis to address this…

Physics and Society · Physics 2012-02-21 Zhu Guimei , Yang Huijie , Yang Rui , Ren Jie , Li Baowen , Lai Ying-Cheng

Complex networks serve as abstract models for understanding real-world complex systems and provide frameworks for studying structured dynamical systems. This article addresses limitations in current studies on the exploration of individual…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Bin Pi , Liang-Jian Deng , Minyu Feng , Matjaž Perc , Jürgen Kurths

Network embeddings learn to represent nodes as low-dimensional vectors to preserve the proximity between nodes and communities of the network for network analysis. The temporal edges (e.g., relationships, contacts, and emails) in dynamic…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2019-06-25 Chuanchang Chen , Yubo Tao , Hai Lin

Bayesian networks provide a method of representing conditional independence between random variables and computing the probability distributions associated with these random variables. In this paper, we extend Bayesian network structures to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-02-21 Eric Driver , Darryl Morrell

In contrast to conventional artificial neural networks, which are structurally static, we present two approaches for evolving small networks into larger ones during training. The first method employs an auxiliary weight that directly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Anil Radhakrishnan , John F. Lindner , Scott T. Miller , Sudeshna Sinha , William L. Ditto

Constraints placed upon the phenotypes of organisms result from their interactions with the environment. Over evolutionary timescales, these constraints feed back onto smaller molecular subnetworks comprising the organism. The evolution of…

Molecular Networks · Quantitative Biology 2015-06-10 Cameron Smith , Ximo Pechuan , Raymond S. Puzio , Daniel Biro , Aviv Bergman

Ever since the Barab\'{a}si-Albert (BA) scale-free network has been proposed, network modeling has been studied intensively in light of the network growth and the preferential attachment (PA). However, numerous real systems are featured…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Yuhan Li , Minyu Feng , Jürgen Kurths

In this chapter, we utilize dynamical systems to analyze several aspects of machine learning algorithms. As an expository contribution we demonstrate how to re-formulate a wide variety of challenges from deep neural networks, (stochastic)…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2025-07-08 Dennis Chemnitz , Maximilian Engel , Christian Kuehn , Sara-Viola Kuntz

Networks or webs of domain walls are admitted in Abelian or non-Abelian gauge theory coupled to fundamental Higgs fields with complex masses. We examine the dynamics of the domain wall loops by using the moduli approximation and find a…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2014-11-18 Minoru Eto , Toshiaki Fujimori , Takayuki Nagashima , Muneto Nitta , Keisuke Ohashi , Norisuke Sakai