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A Greenberger Horne Zeilinger (GHZ) entangled state with a phase is crucial for realizing desired multipartite quantum states for practical applications. Here, we report violations of the general Bell inequality (GBI) introduced in [1]…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-16 Jiho Park , Junghee Ryu , Heonoh Kim , Han Seb Moon

Entangled basis measurements play a crucial role in distributing quantum entanglement between parties across a quantum network. In this work, we adopt a semi-device-independent approach that enables the self-testing of n-qubit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-06 Barnik Bhaumik , Sagnik Ray , Debashis Saha

The multipartite Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) state is a paradigmatic example of a highly entangled multipartite states with distinct quantum features. However, the GHZ state is very sensitive to generic decoherence processes, where…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-06-01 Florian Fröwis , Wolfgang Dür

We again consider (as in a companion paper) an entangled two-particle state that is produced from two independent down-conversion sources by the process of "entanglement-swapping", so that the particles have never met. We show that there is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-08-01 Daniel Greenberger , Michael Horne , Anton Zeilinger , Marek Zukowski

Whether entanglement in a state can be detected, distilled, and quantified without full state reconstruction is a fundamental open problem. We demonstrate a new scheme encompassing these three tasks for arbitrary two-qubit entanglement, by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-12-03 H. S. Park , S. -S. B. Lee , H. Kim , S. -K. Choi , H. -S. Sim

Quantum nonlocality of several four-qubit states is investigated by constructing a new Bell inequality. These include the Greenberger-Zeilinger-Horne (GHZ) state, W state, cluster state, and the state $|\chi>$ that has been recently…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-29 Chunfeng Wu , Ye Yeo , L. C. Kwek , C. H. Oh

We introduce an efficient and versatile quantum teleportation protocol for specific types of n-qubit entangled states. By employing a partially entangled Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) state as the quantum channel and an optimal Positive…

We propose a scalable and deterministic protocol for growing large multi-qubit states starting from two-qubit non-maximally entangled pure states, where the bipartite entanglement in the resultant state is higher than the maximum of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-28 Harikrishnan K J , Amit Kumar Pal

We introduce the challenges of multi-party quantum entanglement and explain a recent success in learning to take its measure. Given the widely accepted reputation of entanglement as a counter-intuitive feature of quantum theory, we first…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-21 Songbo Xie , J. H. Eberly

Entanglement distillation is a well-studied problem in quantum information, where one typically starts with $n$ noisy Bell pairs and distills $k$ Bell pairs of higher fidelity. While distilling Bell pairs is the canonical setting, it is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-25 Narayanan Rengaswamy , Ankur Raina , Nithin Raveendran , Bane Vasić

Bell-state analysis is a considerable challenge and an essential requirement for reliable implementation of quantum communication proposals. An open question is the one for the maximal fraction of successful Bell measurements. It has been…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-12-04 Ling-Jun Kong , Yongnan Li , Yu Si , Rui Liu , Chenghou Tu , Hui-Tian Wang

Entanglement is one of the key resources required for quantum computation, so experimentally creating and measuring entangled states is of crucial importance in the various physical implementations of a quantum computer. In superconducting…

Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states, also known as two-component Schr\"{o}dinger cats, play vital roles in the foundation of quantum physics and, more attractively, in future quantum technologies such as fault-tolerant quantum…

Entanglement is a key resource for quantum information processing. A widely used tool for detecting entanglement is entanglement witness, where the measurement of the witness operator is guaranteed to be positive for all separable states…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-06-05 Qi Zhao , Gerui Wang , Xiao Yuan , Xiongfeng Ma

Certifying entanglement of a multipartite state is generally considered as a demanding task. Since an $N$ qubit state is parametrized by $4^{N}-1$ real numbers, one might naively expect that the measurement effort of generic entanglement…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-11-23 Lukas Knips , Christian Schwemmer , Nico Klein , Marcin Wieśniak , Harald Weinfurter

We investigate the problem of closing the detection loophole in multipartite Bell tests, and show that the required detection efficiencies can be significantly lowered compared to the bipartite case. In particular, we present Bell tests…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-12-24 Karoly F. Pal , Tamas Vertesi , Nicolas Brunner

A complete and deterministic Bell state measurement was realized by a simple linear optics experimental scheme which adopts 2-photon polarization-momentum hyperentanglement. The scheme, which is based on the discrimination among the single…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-11-05 M. Barbieri , G. Vallone , P. Mataloni , F. De Martini

We develop an efficient local operation and classical communication (LOCC) scheme for the distillation of Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states from tripartite systems subjected to both coherent and incoherent errors. The proposed method…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-22 Áron Rozgonyi , Gábor Széchenyi , Orsolya Kálmán , Tamás Kiss

We construct optimal protocols for verifying qubit and qudit GHZ states using local projective measurements. When the local dimension is a prime, an optimal protocol is constructed from Pauli measurements only. Our protocols provide a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-05-19 Zihao Li , Yun-Guang Han , Huangjun Zhu

We implement experimentally a deterministic method to prepare and measure so called single-photon two-qubit entangled states or single-photon Bell-states, in which the polarization and the spatial modes of a single-photon each represent a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Yoon-Ho Kim