Related papers: Voltage dependence of Hodgkin-Huxley rate function…
The Na+ current in nerve and muscle membranes may be described in terms of the activation variable m(t) and the inactivation variable h(t), which are dependent on the transitions of S4 sensors of each of the Na+ channel domains DI to DIV.…
The inactivation of a Na+ channel occurs when the activation of the charged S4 segment of domain DIV is followed by the binding of an intracellular hydrophobic motif which blocks conduction through the ion pore. The voltage dependence of…
The action potential in a neural membrane is generated by Na+ and K+ channel ionic currents that may be calculated from a current equation and the rate equations for activation variables m and n, and the Na+ inactivation variable h.…
Brownian ratchet like stochastic theory for the electrochemical membrane system of Hodgkin-Huxley (HH) is developed. The system is characterized by a continuous variable $Q_m(t)$, representing mobile membrane charge density, and a discrete…
We explore the relationship between sodium (Na$^+$) and potassium (K$^+$) gating variables in the 4-dimensional (4D) Hodgkin-Huxley (HH) electrophysiology model, and reducing its complexity by deriving new 3D and 2D models that maintain the…
Voltage-dependent ion channels determine the electric properties of axonal cell membranes. They not only allow the passage of ions through the cell membrane but also contribute to an additional charging of the cell membrane resulting in the…
The classical Hodgkin--Huxley (HH) model neglects the time-dependence of ion concentrations in spiking dynamics. The dynamics is therefore limited to a time scale of milliseconds, which is determined by the membrane capacitance multiplied…
The Hodgkin-Huxley (HH) model is a powerful model to explain different aspects of spike generation in excitable cells. However, the HH model was proposed in 1952 when the real structure of the ion channel was unknown. It is now common…
Electrical signaling via voltage-gated ion channels depends upon the function of a voltage sensor (VS), identified with the S1-S4 domain in voltage-gated K+ channels. Here we investigate some energetic aspects of the sliding-helix model of…
This work proposes a two-dimensional electrophysiological model for describing neuronal responses to external electric stimuli under patch-clamped conditions. Our proposed model successfully captures the key features of the Hodgkin-Huxley…
Mathematical models for the generation of the action potential can improve the understanding of physiological mechanisms that are consequence of the electrical activity in neurons. In such models, some equations involving empirically…
How is reliable physiological function maintained in cells despite considerable variability in the values of key parameters of multiple interacting processes that govern that function? Here we use the classic Hodgkin-Huxley formulation of…
The generation of action potential brings into play specific mechanosensory stimuli manifest in the variation of membrane capacitance, resulting from the selective membrane permeability to ions exchanges and testifying to the central role…
The physical mechanism underlying the voltage-dependent gating of K channels is usually addressed theoretically using molecular dynamics simulations.However, besides being computationally very expensive, this approach is presently unable to…
A fifteen state kinetic model for Na+ channel gating that describes the coupling between three activation sensors, a two-stage fast inactivation process and slow inactivated states, may be reduced to equations for a six state system by…
The Hodgkin-Huxley model describes the conduction of the nervous impulse through the axon, whose membrane's electric response can be described employing multiple connected electric circuits containing capacitors, voltage sources, and…
Voltage-gated ion channels mediate electrical excitability of cellular membranes. Reduced models of the voltage sensor (VS) of Kv channels produce insight into the electrostatic physics underlying the response of the highly positively…
We investigate the effects of a quantum entanglement regime within an ion conducting molecule (ion channel) of the neuronal plasma membrane on the onset dynamics of propagating nerve pulses (action potentials). In particular, we model the…
The threshold voltage for action potential generation is a key regulator of neuronal signal transduction, yet the mechanism of its dynamic variation is still not well described. In this paper, we propose that threshold phenomena can be…
Neuronal cells present periodic trains of localized voltage spikes involving a large amount of different ionic channels. A relevant question is whether this is a cooperative effect or it could also be an intrinsic property of individual…