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We use a method recently introduced in Barcel\'o et al (2011 Phys. Rev. D 83 41501), to analyse Hawking radiation in a Schwarzschild black hole as perceived by different observers in the system. The method is based on the introduction of an…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-03-17 Luis C. Barbado , Carlos Barceló , Luis J. Garay

We aim to quantify the distribution of information in the Hawking radiation and inside the black hole in the semiclassical evaporation process. The structure quantum field theory forces to consider a shared information between two different…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2013-05-29 H. Casini

The gravitational force harbours a fundamental instability against collapse. In standard General Relativity without Quantum Mechanics, this implies the existence of black holes as natural, stable solutions of Einstein's equations. If one…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-08-23 Gerard 't Hooft

We study the stress energy two-point function to show how short distance correlations across the horizon transform into correlations among asymptotic states, for the Unruh effect, and for black hole radiation. In the first case the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-11-20 Renaud Parentani

In this paper we address the issue of determining the semiclassical threshold for black hole formation in the context of a one-parameter family of theories which continuously interpolates between the RST and BPP models. We find that the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-31 A. Fabbri , J. Navarro-Salas

We show that the number of horizons of static black holes can be strongly constrained by energy conditions of matter fields. After a careful clarification on the "interior" of a black hole, we prove that if the interior of a static black…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-01-25 Run-Qiu Yang , Rong-Gen Cai , Li Li

The Unruh effect is one of the first calculations of what one would see when transiting between an inertial reference frame with its quantum field vacuum state and a non-inertial (specifically, uniformly accelerating) reference frame. The…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-12-18 Satish Ramakrishna

One of the most fundamental results of general relativity is that the event horizon of black hole is purely ingoing. On the other hand, semiclassical-gravity effects, such as particle creation and the quantization of black-hole area,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-10-26 Ka-Wai Chung , Tjonnie Guang Feng Li

A different reason for the apparent weakness of the gravitational interaction is advanced, and its consequences for Hawking evaporation of a Schwarzschild black hole are investigated. A simple analytical formulation predicts that…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 D. G. Coyne

The \textit{memory burden} effect, the idea that the amount of information stored within a system contributes to its stabilization, is particularly relevant for systems with a large information storage capacity, such as black holes. In…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-08-01 Michael Zantedeschi , Luca Visinelli

Hawking's area theorem can be understood from a quasi-stationary process in which a black hole accretes $positive$ energy matter, ``independent of the details of the gravity action''. I use this process to study the dynamics of the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 Mu-in Park

We rederive the universal bound on entropy with the help of black holes while allowing for Unruh--Wald buoyancy. We consider a box full of entropy lowered towards and then dropped into a Reissner--Nordstr\"om black hole in equilibrium with…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-22 Jacob D. Bekenstein

We consider a process where two identical massive particles fall inwards, starting from rest at infinity towards the extremal Kerr black hole, collide outside the event horizon in its vicinity and produce two massless particles. The center…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-07-07 Mandar Patil , Tomohiro Harada

It has been well known that in the point of view of a distant observer, all in-falling matter to a black hole (BH) will be eventually stalled and "frozen" just outside the event horizon of the BH, although an in-falling observer will see…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 Shuang Nan Zhang , Yuan Liu

Semiclassical black hole emission in four spacetime dimensions is studied using a non-local effective action. The field equations that determine the time-dependent renormalized stress tensor are solved numerically for a black hole formed by…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-12-19 David A. Lowe , Larus Thorlacius

The stationary, spherically symmetric accretion of dark energy onto a Schwarzschild black hole is considered in terms of relativistic hydrodynamics. The approximation of an ideal fluid is used to model the dark energy. General expressions…

Astrophysics · Physics 2014-10-13 E. Babichev , V. Dokuchaev , Yu. Eroshenko

We examine the late-time evolution of a qubit (or Unruh-De Witt detector) that hovers very near to the event horizon of a Schwarzschild black hole, while interacting with a free quantum scalar field. The calculation is carried out…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-01-21 Greg Kaplanek , C. P. Burgess

The Unruh vacuum is widely used as quantum state to describe black hole evaporation since near the horizon it reproduces the physical state of a quantum field, the so called in-vacuum, in the case the black hole is formed by gravitational…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-01-23 Roberto Balbinot , Alessandro Fabbri

Models of evaporating black holes are constructed using the new solutions of Einstein's equations with perfect fluid in space-times with FLRW asymptotic behaviour derived recently [I. I. Cotaescu, Eur. Phys. J. C (2022) 82:86]. The dynamics…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-02-18 Ion I. Cotaescu

In this essay we argue that once quantum gravitational effects change the classical geometry of a black hole and remove the curvature singularity, the black hole would not evaporate entirely but approach a remnant. In a modified…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-16 Li Xiang , Yi Ling , You Gen Shen