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Given an undirected graph $G=(V,E)$, and a designated vertex $q\in V$, the notion of a $G$-parking function (with respect to $q$) was independently developed and studied by various authors, and has recently gained renewed attention. This…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2010-03-01 Brian Benson , Deeparnab Chakrabarty , Prasad Tetali

Given a strictly increasing sequence $\mathbf{t}$ with entries from $[n]:=\{1,\ldots,n\}$, a parking completion is a sequence $\mathbf{c}$ with $|\mathbf{t}|+|\mathbf{c}|=n$ and $|\{t\in \mathbf{t}\mid t\le i\}|+|\{c\in \mathbf{c}\mid c\le…

Parking functions were classically defined for $n$ cars attempting to park on a one-way street with $n$ parking spots, where cars only drive forward. Subsequently, parking functions have been generalized in various ways, including allowing…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-07-08 Roger Tian

Unit-interval parking functions are subset of parking functions in which cars park at most one spot away from their preferred parking spot. In this paper, we characterize unit-interval parking functions by understanding how they decompose…

A parking function of length n is a sequence (b_1, b_2,..., b_n) of nonnegative integers whose nondecreasing rearrangement (a_1, a_2,...,a_n) has the property that a_i < i for every i. A well-known result about parking functions is that the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Dimitrije Kostic , Catherine Yan

We extend the notion of parking functions to parking sequences, which include cars of different sizes, and prove a product formula for the number of such sequences.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-08-31 Richard Ehrenborg , Alex Happ

In a parking function, a lucky car is a car that parks in its preferred parking spot and the parking outcome is the permutation encoding the order in which the cars park on the street. We give a characterization for the set of parking…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-12-11 Pamela E. Harris , Lucy Martinez

Parking sequences (a generalization of parking functions) are defined by specifying car lengths and requiring that a car attempts to park in the first available spot after its preference. If it does not fit there, then a collision occurs…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-01-27 Spencer J. Franks , Pamela E. Harris , Kimberly Harry , Jan Kretschmann , Megan Vance

This work builds on the notion of record of rooted trees. We provide an alternative definition of parking functions, derive from it a record-preserving bijection between rooted trees and parking functions, and establish a join…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-31 Adrián Lillo , Mercedes Rosas , Stefan Trandafir

We explore the link between combinatorics and probability generated by the question "What does a random parking function look like?" This gives rise to novel probabilistic interpretations of some elegant, known generating functions. It…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-11-30 Persi Diaconis , Angela Hicks

The conceptions of $G$-parking functions and $G$-multiparking functions were introduced in [15] and [12] respectively. In this paper, let $G$ be a connected graph with vertex set $\{1,2,...,n\}$ and $m\in V(G)$. We give the definition of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2008-10-23 Hungyung Chang , Po-Yi Huang , Jun Ma , Yeong-Nan Yeh

Interval parking functions (IPFs) are a generalization of ordinary parking functions in which each car is willing to park only in a fixed interval of spaces. Each interval parking function can be expressed as a pair $(a,b)$, where $a$ is a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-10-30 Emma Colaric , Ryan DeMuse , Jeremy L. Martin , Mei Yin

We consider the notion of classical parking functions by introducing randomness and a new parking protocol, as inspired by the work presented in the paper ``Parking Functions: Choose your own adventure,'' (arXiv:2001.04817) by Carlson,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-11-02 Irfan Durmić , Alex Han , Pamela E. Harris , Rodrigo Ribeiro , Mei Yin

A parking function on $[n]$ creates a permutation in $S_n$ via the order in which the $n$ cars appear in the $n$ parking spaces. Placing the uniform probability measure on the set of parking functions on $[n]$ induces a probability measure…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-06-19 Ross G. Pinsky

The displacement of a parking function measures the total difference between where cars want to park and where they ultimately park. In this article, we prove that the set of parking functions of length $n$ with displacement one is in…

We define an action of words in $[m]^n$ on $\mathbb{R}^m$ to give a new characterization of rational parking functions -- they are exactly those words whose action has a fixed point. We use this viewpoint to give a simple definition of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-06-08 Jon McCammond , Hugh Thomas , Nathan Williams

For $\mathbf{b}=(b_1,\dots,b_n)\in \mathbb{Z}_{>0}^n$, a $\mathbf{b}$-parking function is defined to be a sequence $(\beta_1,\dots,\beta_n)$ of positive integers whose nondecreasing rearrangement $\beta'_1\leq \beta'_2\leq \cdots \leq…

We recall that unit interval parking functions of length $n$ are a subset of parking functions in which every car parks in its preference or in the spot after its preference, and Fubini rankings of length $n$ are rankings of $n$ competitors…

Classical parking functions are defined as the parking preferences for $n$ cars driving (from west to east) down a one-way street containing parking spaces labeled from $1$ to $n$ (from west to east). Cars drive down the street toward their…

We study Schroder paths drawn in a (m,n) rectangle, for any positive integers m and n. We get explicit enumeration formulas, closely linked to those for the corresponding (m,n)-Dyck paths. Moreover we study a Schroder version of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-04-01 Jean-Christophe Aval , Francois Bergeron