Related papers: Benford's Law for Coefficients of Newforms

We show how Benford's Law (BL) for first, second, ..., digits, emerges from the distribution of digits of numbers of the type $a^{R}$, with $a$ any real positive number and $R$ a set of real numbers uniformly distributed in an interval $[…

Let $f(z)=\sum_{n=1}^\infty a(n)q^n\in S^{\text{new}}_ k (\Gamma_0(N))$ be a newform with squarefree level $N$ that does not have complex multiplication. For a prime $p$, define $\theta_p\in[0,\pi]$ to be the angle for which $a(p)=2p^{( k…

The Prime Numbers are well-known for their paradoxical stand regarding Benford's Law. On one hand they adamantly refuse to obey the law of Benford in the usual sense, namely that of a normal density of the proportion of primes with d as the…

Let $f \in S_{\kappa}(\Gamma_0(N))$ be a Hecke eigenform at $p$ with eigenvalue $\lambda_f(p)$ for a prime $p$ not dividing $N$. Let $\alpha_p$ and $\beta_p$ be complex numbers satisfying $\alpha_p + \beta_p = \lambda_f(p)$ and $\alpha_p…

Fix a base B and let zeta have the standard exponential distribution; the distribution of digits of zeta base B is known to be very close to Benford's Law. If there exists a C such that the distribution of digits of C times the elements of…

Let $\mathcal{I} \subset \mathbb{N}$ be an infinite subset, and let $\{a_i\}_{i \in \mathcal{I}}$ be a sequence of nonzero real numbers indexed by $\mathcal{I}$ such that there exist positive constants $m, C_1$ for which $|a_i| \leq C_1…

Let $S_{a,b}$ denote the sequence of leading digits of $a^n$ in base $b$. It is well known that if $a$ is not a rational power of $b$, then the sequence $S_{a,b}$ satisfies Benford's Law; that is, digit $d$ occurs in $S_{a,b}$ with…

We prove connections between Zeckendorf decompositions and Benford's law. Recall that if we define the Fibonacci numbers by $F_1 = 1, F_2 = 2$ and $F_{n+1} = F_n + F_{n-1}$, every positive integer can be written uniquely as a sum of…

Prime numbers seem to distribute among the natural numbers with no other law than that of chance, however its global distribution presents a quite remarkable smoothness. Such interplay between randomness and regularity has motivated sci-…

Let $f(z)=\sum_{n=1}^\infty a(n)e^{2\pi i nz}\in S_k^{new}(\Gamma_0(N))$ be a newform of even weight $k\geq2$ that does not have complex multiplication. Then $a(n)\in\mathbb{R}$ for all $n$, so for any prime $p$, there exists…

A beautiful theorem of Zeckendorf states that every integer can be written uniquely as the sum of non-consecutive Fibonacci numbers $\{ F_i \}_{i = 1}^{\infty}$. A set $S \subset \mathbb{Z}$ is said to satisfy Benford's law if the density…

Let $F \in S_{k_1}(\Gamma^{(2)}(N_1))$ and $G \in S_{k_2}(\Gamma^{(2)}(N_2))$ be two Siegel cusp forms over the congruence subgroups $\Gamma^{(2)}(N_1)$ and $\Gamma^{(2)}(N_2)$ respectively. Assume that they are Hecke eigenforms in…

Benford's law is the statement that in many real world data sets, the probability of having digit $d$ in base $B$ as the first digit is \log_{B}\!\left(\frac{d+1}{d}\right) for all $1 \leq d \leq B$. We sometimes refer to this as weak…

In the literature, Benford's Law is considered for base-b expansions where b>1 is an integer. In this paper, we investigate the distribution of leading "digits" of a sequence of positive integers under other expansions such as Zeckendorf…

Let $\phi$ denote a primitive Hecke-Maass cusp form for $\Gamma_o(N)$ with the Laplacian eigenvalue $\lambda_\phi=1/4+t_{\phi}^2$. In this work we show that there exists a prime $p$ such that $p\nmid N$, $|\alpha_{p}|=|\beta_{p}| = 1$, and…

Let $f(z)=\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}a(n) e^{2\pi i nz}$ be a normalized Hecke eigenform in $S_{2k}^{\text{new}}(\Gamma_0(N))$ with integer Fourier coefficients. We prove that there exists a constant $C(f)>0$ such that any integer is a sum of at…

Let f be a non-CM newform of weight k > 1. Let L be a subfield of the coefficient field of f. We completely settle the question of the density of the set of primes p such that the p-th coefficient of f generates the field L. This density is…

We study congruences modulo powers of a prime $p$ between pairs of $p$-new modular Hecke eigenforms of level $\Gamma_0(p)$ and same weight $k$. Based on explicit computations, we conjecture that every such eigenform $f$ admits a twin to…

Let $f: \mathbb{N} \to \mathbb{C}$ be a multiplicative function for which $$ \sum_{p : \, |f(p)| \neq 1} \frac{1}{p} = \infty. $$ We show under this condition alone that for any integer $h \neq 0$ the set $$ \{n \in \mathbb{N} : f(n) =…

Benford's Law describes the prevalence of small numbers as the leading digits of numbers in many sets of integers. We prove a variant of Benford's law for many positive-density subsets of the primes. This follows from a more general result…