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The performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) often degrades when crucial information is in the middle of a long context, a "lost-in-the-middle" phenomenon that mirrors the primacy and recency effects in human memory. We propose that this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Nikolaus Salvatore , Hao Wang , Qiong Zhang

There is a consensus that human and non-human subjects experience temporal distortions in many stages of their perceptual and decision-making systems. Similarly, intertemporal choice research has shown that decision-makers undervalue future…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2016-05-31 Pedro A. Ortega , Naftali Tishby

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) excel in numerous vision-language tasks yet suffer from hallucinations, producing content inconsistent with input visuals, that undermine reliability in precision-sensitive domains. This issue stems…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Nan Sun , Zhenyu Zhang , Xixun Lin , Kun Wang , Yanmin Shang , Naibin Gu , Shuohuan Wang , Yu Sun , Hua Wu , Haifeng Wang , Yanan Cao

Visual-vestibular conflicts (VVCs) are a primary contributor to visually induced motion sickness (VIMS) in head-mounted displays (HMDs). However, virtual reality (VR) comfort studies often rely on exposing seated or standing users to…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Samuel J. Levulis , Kevin W. Rio , Pablo Ramon Soria , James Wilmott , Charlie S. Burlingham , Phillip Guan

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) deployed as situated agents in high-resolution visual environments require active perception -- the ability to dynamically decide where to look through operations like zooming, cropping, and panning. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Yuhuan Wu , Cong Wei , Fangzhen Lin , Wenhu Chen , Haozhe Wang

Despite significant strides in visual quality assessment, the neural mechanisms underlying visual quality perception remain insufficiently explored. This study employed fMRI to examine brain activity during image quality assessment and…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Yiming Zhang , Ying Hu , Xiongkuo Min , Yan Zhou , Guangtao Zhai

Learning and memory relies on synapses changing their strengths in response to neural activity. However there is a substantial gap between the timescales of neural electrical dynamics (1-100 ms) and organism behaviour during learning…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2023-08-08 Cian O'Donnell

We introduce the first general test of capacity-constrained learning models. Cognitive economic models of this type share the common feature that constraints on perception are exogenously fixed, as in the widely used fixed-capacity versions…

General Economics · Economics 2025-02-04 Andrew Caplin , Daniel Martin , Philip Marx , Anastasiia Morozova , Leshan Xu

Synaptic efficacy between neurons is known to change within a short time scale dynamically. Neurophysiological experiments show that high-frequency presynaptic inputs decrease synaptic efficacy between neurons. This phenomenon is called…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2015-05-28 Yosuke Otsubo , Kenji Nagata , Masafumi Oizumi , Masato Okada

Channel capacity bounds are derived for a point-to-point indoor visible light communications (VLC) system with signal-dependent Gaussian noise. Considering both illumination and communication, the non-negative input of VLC is constrained by…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-11-03 Jin-Yuan Wang , Xian-Tao Fu , Rong-Rong Lu , Jun-Bo Wang , Min Lin , Julian Cheng

In this work we study the detection of weak stimuli by spiking neurons in the presence of certain level of noisy background neural activity. Our study has focused in the realistic assumption that the synapses in the network present…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2009-06-04 Jorge F. Mejias , Joaquin J. Torres

Virtual reality (VR) is known to cause a "time compression" effect, where the time spent in VR feels to pass faster than the effective elapsed time. Our goal with this research is to investigate if the physical realism of a VR experience…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-05-05 Kadir Lofca , Jason Jerald , Dalton Costa , Regis Kopper

Human behavioural data in psychophysics has been used to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of many cognitive processes, such as attention, sensorimotor integration, and perceptual decision making. Visual working memory has particularly…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-05-05 Puria Radmard , Paul M. Bays , Máté Lengyel

Vision-language models (VLMs) achieve strong benchmark results, yet can exhibit systematic perceptual weaknesses: structured, large changes to pixel values can cause confident yet nonsensical predictions, even when the underlying scene…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Nicoleta-Nina Basoc , Adrian Cosma , Emilian Radoi

Volatility prediction for financial assets is one of the essential questions for understanding financial risks and quadratic price variation. However, although many novel deep learning models were recently proposed, they still have a "hard…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2022-02-24 German Rodikov , Nino Antulov-Fantulin

Multilingual language models (LMs) sometimes under-perform their monolingual counterparts, possibly due to capacity limitations. We quantify this ``multilingual penalty'' for lexical disambiguation--a task requiring precise semantic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Sean Trott , Pamela D. Rivière

The pretrained large language models (LLMs) are finetuned with labeled data for better instruction following ability and alignment with human values. In this paper, we study the learning dynamics of LLM finetuning on reasoning tasks and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Zhiwen Ruan , Yun Chen , Yutao Hou , Peng Li , Yang Liu , Guanhua Chen

Large vision-language models have recently demonstrated impressive performance in planning and control tasks, driving interest in their application to real-world robotics. However, deploying these models for reasoning in embodied contexts…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Karmesh Yadav , Yusuf Ali , Gunshi Gupta , Yarin Gal , Zsolt Kira

Studies on prospective memory (PM) predominantly assess either event- or time-based PM by implementing non-ecological laboratory-based tasks. The results deriving from these paradigms have provided findings that are discrepant with…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-12-10 Panagiotis Kourtesis , Sarah E. MacPherson

The training of modern large language models (LLMs) takes place in a regime where most training examples are seen only a few times by the model during the course of training. What does a model remember about such examples seen only a few…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-31 A. Emin Orhan