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As the digital world enters further into everyday life, questions are raised about the increasing challenges brought by the interaction of real-time software with physical devices. Many accidents and incidents encountered in areas as…
I consider selected (most important according to my own choice) unsolved problems in particle theory, both those related to extensions of the Standard Model (neutrino oscillations, which probably do not fit the usual three-generation…
This is a set of lecture notes suitable for a Master's course on quantum computation and information from the perspective of theoretical computer science. The first version was written in 2011, with many extensions and improvements in…
The phase space trajectories of many body systems charateristic of simple fluids are highly unstable. We quantify this instability by a set of Lyapunov exponents, which are the rates of exponential divergence, or convergence, of initial…
Lyapunov exponents are well-known characteristic numbers that describe growth rates of perturbations applied to a trajectory of a dynamical system in different state space directions. Covariant (or characteristic) Lyapunov vectors indicate…
The Lyapunov Characteristic Exponents are a useful indicator of chaos in astronomical dynamical systems. They are usually computed through a standard, very efficient and neat algorithm published in 1980. However, for Hamiltonian systems the…
This review aims to provide a comprehensive update on the progress made on the Sequential Testing problem (STP) in the last 20 years after the review, [1] was published. Many studies have provided new theoretical results, extensions of the…
A general method to determine covariant Lyapunov vectors in both discrete- and continuous-time dynamical systems is introduced. This allows to address fundamental questions such as the degree of hyperbolicity, which can be quantified in…
Contents: We hear that... by Jorge Pullin * Reflections of a decade: Matters of Gravity and the Topical Group in Gravitation, by Beverly Berger 10 Years in Gravitational Wave Detection, by Peter Saulson Ten years of general relativity, some…
The Nobel Prize winning confirmation in 1998 of the accelerated expansion of our Universe put into sharp focus the need of a consistent theoretical model to explain the origin of this acceleration. As a result over the past two decades…
The past few years have seen dramatic improvements in the scope and realism of star cluster simulations. Accurate treatments of stellar evolution, coupled with robust descriptions of all phases of binary evolution, have been incorporated…
Many physical problems can be formulated as operator equations of the form Au = f. If these operator equations are ill-posed, we then resort to finding the approximate solutions numerically. Ill-posed problems can be found in the fields of…
Dynamical chaos is a fundamental manifestation of gravity in astrophysical, many-body systems. The spectrum of Lyapunov exponents quantifies the associated exponential response to small perturbations. Analytical derivations of these…
In 1980 and 1981, two pioneering papers laid the foundation for what became known as nonlinear time-series analysis: the analysis of observed data---typically univariate---via dynamical systems theory. Based on the concept of state-space…
Vastly different time and length scales are a common problem in numerical simulations of astrophysical phenomena. Here, we present an approach to numerical modeling of such objects on the example of Type Ia supernova simulations. The…
We conducted extensive numerical experiments of equal mass three-body systems until they became disrupted. The system lifetimes, as a bound triple, and the Lyapunov times show a correlation similarto what has been earlier obtained for small…
Two fundamental laws are needed for prediction in the universe: (1) a basic dynamical law and (2) a law for the cosmological initial condition. Quantum cosmology is the area of basic research concerned with the search for a theory of the…
In these notes we describe heuristics to predict computational-to-statistical gaps in certain statistical problems. These are regimes in which the underlying statistical problem is information-theoretically possible although no efficient…
We describe the astrophysical and numerical basis of N-body simulations, both of collisional stellar systems (dense star clusters and galactic centres) and collisionless stellar dynamics (galaxies and large-scale structure). We explain and…
The effects of rapid rotation on stellar evolution can be profound. We are now beginning to gather enough data to allow a realistic comparison between different physical models. Two key tests for any theory of stellar rotation are first…