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Massive Black Hole (MBH) seeds at redshift $z \gtrsim 10$ are now thought to be key ingredients to explain the presence of the super-massive ($10^{9-10} \, \mathrm{M_{\odot}}$) black holes in place $ < 1 \, \mathrm{Gyr}$ after the Big Bang.…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-10-27 Fabio Pacucci , Andrea Ferrara , Marta Volonteri , Guillaume Dubus

We present our determination of the nuclear supermassive black hole (SMBH) mass function for spiral galaxies in the Local Universe, established from a volume-limited sample consisting of a statistically complete collection of the brightest…

There is both theoretical expectation and some observational clues that intermediate mass black holes reside in nuclei of globular clusters. In order to find an independent indicator for their existence, we investigate in this paper how an…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2019-01-18 L. Subr , G. Fragione , J. Dabringhausen

Context. The problem of the existence of intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) at the centre of globular clusters is a hot and controversial topic in current astrophysical research with important implications in stellar and galaxy…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2010-06-14 P. Miocchi

The first generations of stars ionised and enriched their host galaxies and seeded the growth of massive black holes. Models often assume that Pop III stellar masses in different minihaloes are stochastic realisations of a single universal…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-04-06 Shingo Hirano , Yusuke Sakai , Hideyuki Umeda

We investigate the formation of the first massive black holes in high redshift galaxies, with the goal of providing insights to which galaxies do or do not host massive black holes. We adopt a novel approach to forming seed black holes in…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-27 Jillian Bellovary , Marta Volonteri , Fabio Governato , Sijing Shen , Thomas Quinn , James Wadsley

Intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) have not been detected beyond any reasonable doubt, despite their potential role as massive seeds for quasars and sources of tidal disruption events, ultra-luminous X-ray sources, dwarf galaxy feedback,…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-07-08 Giacomo Fragione , Abraham Loeb , Kyle Kremer , Frederic A. Rasio

Intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) are the missing link in the cosmic hierarchy of black holes, bridging the gap between stellar-mass black holes and supermassive ones. They also serve as unique laboratories for testing strong-field…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-05-20 Huan Zhou , Zhengxiang Li , Cheng-Gang Shao , Xi-Jing Wang , Kai Liao , He Gao , Zong-Hong Zhu

The distribution of LIGO black hole binaries (BBH) shows an intermediate-mass range consistent with the Salpeter Initial Mass Function (IMF) in black hole formation by core-collapse supernovae, subject to preserving binary association. They…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-11-15 Hye-Jin Park , Shin-Jeong Kim , Shinna Kim , Maurice H. P. M. van Putten

Star formation rates (SFR) larger than 1000 Msun/ yr are observed in extreme star bursts. This leads to the formation of star clusters with masses > 10^6 Msun in which crowding of the pre-stellar cores may lead to a change of the stellar…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-20 Carsten Weidner , Pavel Kroupa , Jan Pflamm-Altenburg

The population of intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) in nearby dwarf galaxies plays an important "ground truth" role in exploring black hole formation and growth in the early Universe. In the dwarf elliptical galaxy SDSS…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-07-07 Jun Yang , Leonid I. Gurvits , Zsolt Paragi , Sandor Frey , John E. Conway , Xiang Liu , Lang Cui

We present deep Hubble Space Telescope (HST) NICMOS 2 F160W band observations of the central 56*57" (14pc*14.25pc) region around R136 in the starburst cluster 30 Dor (NGC 2070) located in the Large Magellanic Cloud. Our aim is to derive the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2014-11-20 M. Andersen , H. Zinnecker , A. Moneti , M. J. McCaughrean , B. Brandl , W. Brandner , G. Meylan , D. Hunter

We perform a suite of high-resolution smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulations to investigate the orbital decay and mass evolution of massive black hole (MBH) pairs down to scales of ~30 pc during minor mergers of disk galaxies. Our…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2011-05-11 S. Callegari , S. Kazantzidis , L. Mayer , M. Colpi , J. M. Bellovary , T. Quinn , J. Wadsley

Recent studies of merging black holes suggest that the cosmological mass fraction of primordial black holes (PBHs) is not completely negligible. The mass of a PBH can be as massive as an intermediate mass black hole (IMBH). In this article,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-04-12 Man Ho Chan

Motivated by the recent detection by WMAP of a large optical depth to Thomson scattering -- implying a very early reionization epoch -- we assess a scenario where the universe was reionized by `miniquasars' powered by intermediate-mass…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 Piero Madau , Martin J. Rees , Marta Volonteri , Francesco Haardt , S. Peng Oh

A galaxy-sized halo may contain a large number of intermediate mass (10^{2-4} solar mass) compact objects (IMCOs), which can be intermediate mass black holes (IMBHs) or the CDM subhalos. We propose to directly detect the IMBHs by observing…

Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-24 Kaiki Taro Inoue , Masashi Chiba

Most galaxies, including the Milky Way, host a supermassive black hole (SMBH) at the center. These SMBHs can be observed out to high redshifts (z>=6) if the accretion rate is sufficiently large. However, we do not fully understand the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-02-25 Elizabeth Mone , Brandon Pries , John Wise , Sandrine Ferrans

Gravitational waves (GWs) offer an unprecedented opportunity to survey the sky and detect mergers of compact objects. While intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) have not been detected beyond any reasonable doubt with either dynamical or…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-11-16 Giacomo Fragione

The stellar Initial Mass Function (IMF) seems to be close to universal in the local star-forming regions. However, this quantity of a newborn stellar population responds differently at gas metallicities $Z \sim$ $Z_\odot$ than $Z$ = 0. A…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2021-03-31 Rafeel Riaz , Dominik R. G. Schleicher , Siegfried Vanaverbeke , Ralf S. Klessen

The scaling relation of central massive black holes (MBHs) and their host galaxies is well-studied for supermassive BHs (SMBHs, $M_{\rm BH}\ \ge 10^6\, M_{\rm \odot}$). However, this relation has large uncertainties in the mass range of the…