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Grover's algorithm for quantum searching is generalized to deal with arbitrary initial complex amplitude distributions. First order linear difference equations are found for the time evolution of the amplitudes of the marked and unmarked…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-08 Eli Biham , Ofer Biham , David Biron , Markus Grassl , Daniel A. Lidar

One of the most important quantum algorithms ever discovered is Grover's algorithm for searching an unordered set. We give a new lower bound in the query model which proves that Grover's algorithm is exactly optimal. Similar to existing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-01 Catalin Dohotaru , Peter Hoyer

The Grover search algorithm is a pivotal advancement in quantum computing, promising a remarkable speedup over classical algorithms in searching unstructured large databases. Here, we report results for the implementation and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-14 M. AbuGhanem

In a fundamental paper [Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 325 (1997)] Grover showed how a quantum computer can find a single marked object in a database of size N by using only O(N^{1/2}) queries of the oracle that identifies the object. His result was…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 Shahar Dolev , Itamar Pitowsky , Boaz Tamir

Grover's search algorithm is designed to be executed on a quantum mechanical computer. In this paper, the probabilistic wp-calculus is used to model and reason about Grover's algorithm. It is demonstrated that the calculus provides a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Michael Butler , Pieter Hartel

Grover's quantum algorithm for an unstructured search problem and the Count algorithm by Brassard et al. are generalized to the case when the initial state is arbitrarily and maximally entangled. This ansatz might be relevant with quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 A. Carlini , A. Hosoya

One of the significant breakthroughs in quantum computation is Grover's algorithm for unsorted database search. Recently, the applications of Grover's algorithm to solve global optimization problems have been demonstrated, where unknown…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-11-22 Yan Wang

Grover's search algorithm was originally proposed for circuit-based quantum computers. A crucial part of it is to query an oracle -- a black-box unitary operation. Generation of this oracle is formally beyond the original algorithm design.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-02 Bin Yan , Nikolai A. Sinitsyn

Grover's algorithm accelerates unstructured database search quadratically compared to classical algorithms. In the NISQ era, distributed quantum computing can decrease circuit depth and reduce noise. In this paper, an algorithm for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-16 Huaijing Huang , Daowen Qiu , Ximing Hua , Xinyu Chen

Given two unsorted lists each of length N that have a single common entry, a quantum computer can find that matching element with a work factor of $O(N^{3/4}\log N)$ (measured in quantum memory accesses and accesses to each list). The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Mark Heiligman

We propose a new adiabatic algorithm for the unsorted database search problem. This algorithm saves two thirds of qubits than Grover's algorithm in realizations. Meanwhile, we analyze the time complexity of the algorithm by both…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-11-06 Nanyang Xu , Xinhua Peng , Mingjun Shi , Jiangfeng Du

The translation of Grover's search algorithm from its standard version, designed for implementation on a single quantum system amenable to projective measurements, into one suitable for an ensemble of quantum computers, whose outputs are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 David Collins

Numerous conceptually important quantum algorithms rely on a black-box device known as an oracle, which is typically difficult to construct without knowing the answer to the problem that the algorithm is intended to solve. A notable example…

Unstructured search remains as one of the significant challenges in computer science, as classical search algorithms become increasingly impractical for large-scale systems due to their linear time complexity. Quantum algorithms, notably…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-22 Harishankar Mishra , Asvija Balasubramanyam , Gudapati Naresh Raghava

Given two sets A and B and two oracles O(A) and O(B) that can identify the elements of these sets respectively, the goal is to find an element common to both sets using minimum number of oracle queries. Each application of either O(A) or…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-10-18 Avatar Tulsi

Grover's algorithm is a quantum search algorithm that proceeds by repeated applications of the Grover operator and the Oracle until the state evolves to one of the target states. In the standard version of the algorithm, the Grover operator…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-03-14 Tim Byrnes , Gary Forster , Louis Tessler

Quantum Grover search algorithm can find a target item in a database faster than any classical algorithm. One can trade accuracy for speed and find a part of the database (a block) containing the target item even faster, this is partial…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 Vladimir Korepin

Despite the advent of Grover's algorithm for the unstructured search, its successful implementation on near-term quantum devices is still limited. We apply three strategies to reduce the errors associated with implementing quantum search…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-13 Kun Zhang , Pooja Rao , Kwangmin Yu , Hyunkyung Lim , Vladimir Korepin

In order to understand the bounds of utilization of the Grover's search algorithm for the large unstructured data in presence of the quantum computer noise, we undertake a series of simulations by inflicting various types of noise, modelled…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-10-28 Yulun Wang , Predrag S. Krstic

Amplitude Amplification -- a key component of Grover's Search algorithm -- uses an iterative approach to systematically increase the probability of one or multiple target states. We present novel strategies to enhance the amplification…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-22 Austin Gilliam , Marco Pistoia , Constantin Gonciulea