Related papers: The genetic code invariance: when Euler and Fibona…
The rules that specify how the information contained in DNA codes amino acids, is called "the genetic code". Using a simplified version of the Penna nodel, we are using computer simulations to investigate the importance of the genetic code…
Many modified genetic codes are found in specific genomes in which one or more codons have been reassigned to a different amino acid from that in the canonical code. We present a model that unifies four possible mechanisms for reassignment,…
A quaternionic representation of the genetic code, previously reported by the authors, is updated in order to incorporate chirality of nucleotide bases and amino acids. The original representation assigns to each nucleotide base a prime…
The present work is devoted to describe a set of rules explaining the discriminating versus non-discriminating behavior of the di-basic stages and to characterize the role of each base in determining such a behavior. Bases are analyze as…
In this paper it is shown that within a Combined Genetic Code Table, realized through a combination of Watson-Crick Table and Codon Path Cube it exists, without an exception, a strict distinction between two classes of enzymes…
To synthesize peptides alongside the RNAs making the so-called RNA world, some genetic coding involving RNA had to develop. Herein, it is proposed that the first real-coding setup was a direct one, made up of continuous poly-tRNA-like…
A heuristic diagram of the evolution of the standard genetic code is presented. It incorporates, in a way that resembles the energy levels of an atom, the physical notion of broken symmetry and it is consistent with original ideas by Crick…
Imposing a minimum principle in the framework of the so called crystal basis model of the genetic code, we determine the structure of the minimum set of 22 anticodons which allows the translational-transcription for animal mitochondrial…
The mathematical concept of q-deformations, in particular the one of qnumbers, is used to study the genetic code(s). After considering two kinds of q-numbers, for comparison, a phenomenological classification scheme of the genetic code…
Present day data allow significant reconsideration of ideas on mechanisms underlying the degeneracy in the genetic code. Here a hypothesis is presented which links the degeneracy to possible conformational alterations in the codon-anticodon…
The algebraic structures of the genetic code are most important to obtain additional information about the semantic code and its applications. In this paper we define two dual Boolean codon lattices of the genetic code using hydrogen bond…
We derive the amino acid assignment to one codon representation (typical 64-dimensional irreducible representation) of the basic classical Lie superalgebra osp(5|2) from biochemical arguments. We motivate the approach of mathematical…
Of the twenty amino acids used in proteins, ten were formed in Miller's atmospheric discharge experiments. The two other major proposed sources of prebiotic amino acid synthesis include formation in hydrothermal vents and delivery to Earth…
Many kinds of convolution identities have been considered about several numbers, including Bernoulli, Euler, Genocchi, Cauchy, Stirling, and Fibonacci numbers. The well-known basic result about Bernoulli numbers is due to Euler. The…
This work presents a mathematical model that establishes an interesting connection between nucleotide frequencies in human single-stranded DNA and the famous Fibonacci's numbers. The model relies on two assumptions. First, Chargaff's second…
The genetic code refers to a rule that maps 64 codons to 20 amino acids. Nearly all organisms, with few exceptions, share the same genetic code, the standard genetic code (SGC). While it remains unclear why this universal code has arisen…
The origin and organizing principles of the genetic code remain fundamental puzzles in life science. The vanishingly low probability of the natural codon-to-amino acid mapping arising by chance has spurred the hypothesis that its structure…
New developments are presented in the framework of the model introduced by the authors in refs. [1,2] and in which nucleotides as well as codons are classified in crystal bases of the quantum group U_q(sl(2)+sl(2)) in the limit q -> 0. An…
Replication of DNA and synthesis of proteins are studied from the view-point of quantum database search. Identification of a base-pairing with a quantum query gives a natural (and first ever) explanation of why living organisms have 4…
The quantum enveloping algebra U_q(sl(2) \oplus sl(2)) in the limit q \to 0 is proposed as a symmetry algebra for the genetic code. In this approach the triplets of nucleotids or codons in the DNA chain are classified in crystal bases,…