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We reformulate Classical Mechanics as a timeless relativistic theory. Readers are introduced to a new class of reference systems, the binate frames, where physical events are identified with four position-coordinates -- no clocks are used.…

General Physics · Physics 2016-09-05 Samuel H. Talbert

Precision measurements of the fundamental constants are tour de force of basic metrology, where the useful information is usually beyond the last digit of the measured value. They challenge theoretical models and measurement technologies…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2020-07-21 Horst Bettin , Kenichi Fujii , John Man , Giovanni Mana , Enrico Massa , Alain Picard

The cause for first and second order electromagnetic equivalency of inertial systems is approached from a different point of view than that of special relativity. While special relativity applies dilatation to time and contraction to space…

General Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 G. Sardin

With the simplest proof ever, we justify the significance of quantum-gravity in non-relativistic quantum mechanics together with the related theories and experiments. Since the de Broglie wave length is inverse proportional to the mass, it…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-01-08 Lajos Diósi

The fact that not all quantum observables are jointly measurable is one of the major differences between quantum and classical theory. In the former, non-commuting observables can only be simultaneously measured with limited precision. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-10-17 Gilles Pütz , Tomer Barnea , Nicolas Gisin , Anthony Martin

The laws of physics have a set of fundamental constants, and it is generally admitted that only dimensionless combinations of constants have physical significance. These combinations include the electromagnetic and gravitational fine…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2013-04-29 James Rich

A new proof of the impossibility of a universal quantum-classical dynamics is given. It has at least two consequences. The standard paradigm ``quantum system is measured by a classical apparatus" is untenable, while a quantum matter can be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-11-26 Daniel R. Terno

Nottale's special scale-relativity principle was proposed earlier by the author as a plausible geometrical origin to string theory and extended objects. Scale Relativity is to scales what motion Relativity is to velocities. The universal,…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Carlos Castro

Quantum measurement is a fundamental concept in the field of quantum mechanics. The action of quantum measurement, leading the superposition state of the measured quantum system into a definite output state, not only reconciles…

General Physics · Physics 2024-08-13 Wei Wen

Special relativity theory is well established and confirmed by experiments. This research establishes an operational measurement way to express the great theory in a geometrical form. This may be valuable for understanding the underlying…

General Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Xiao Jianhua

One of the central features of quantum theory is that there are pairs of quantum observables that cannot be measured simultaneously. This incompatibility of quantum observables is a necessary ingredient in several quantum phenomena, such as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-04-28 Teiko Heinosaari

Conventional particle theories such as the Standard Model have a number of freely adjustable coupling constants and mass parameters, depending on the symmetry algebra of the local gauge group and the representations chosen for the spinor…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-05-27 Gerard 't Hooft

Fundamental constants are a cornerstone of the physical laws. Any constant varying in space and/or time would signal a violation of local position invariance and be associated with a violation of the universality of free fall, and hence of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-05-21 Jean-Philippe Uzan

Quantum theory famously entails the existence of incompatible measurements; pairs of observables which cannot be simultaneously measured to arbitrary precision. Incompatibility is widely regarded to be a uniquely quantum phenomenon, linked…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-10 David Theurel

The formulation of a consistent measurement theory for relativistic quantum fields has become a problem of growing foundational and practical significance. Standard non-relativistic measurement models fail to incorporate the essential…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-17 Nadia Koliopoulou , Charis Anastopoulos , Ntina Savvidou

We show that, contrarily to the widespread belief, in quantum mechanics repeatable measurements are not necessarily described by orthogonal projectors--the customary paradigm of "observable". Nonorthogonal repeatability, however, occurs…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 F. Buscemi , G. M. D'Ariano , P. Perinotti

It is argued that the `problem of time' in quantum gravity necessitates a refinement of the local inertial structure of the world, demanding a replacement of the usual Minkowski line element by a 4+2n dimensional pseudo-Euclidean line…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-10 Joy Christian

Three conceptually different masses appear in equations of motion for objects under gravity, namely, the inertial mass, $m_{\cal I}$, the passive gravitational mass, $m_{\cal P}$, and the active gravitational mass, $m_{\cal A}$. It is…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-04-14 Lijing Shao

Standard treatments of general relativity accept the gravitational slowing of clocks as a primary phenomenon, requiring no further analysis as to cause. Rejecting this attitude, I argue that one or more of the fundamental "constants"…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 John E. Heighway

Theorists are often told to express things in the "observational plane". One can do this for space-time geometry, considering "visual" observations of matter in our universe by a single observer over time, with no assumptions about…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2012-11-20 Albert Stebbins