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Large language models (LLMs) often struggle with mathematical problems that require exact computation or multi-step algebraic reasoning. Tool-integrated reasoning (TIR) offers a promising solution by leveraging external tools such as code…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Xingyue Huang , Xianglong Hu , Zifeng Ding , Yuan He , Rishabh , Waleed Alzarooni , Ziyu Ye , Wendong Fan , Bailan He , Haige Bo , Changran Hu , Guohao Li

This paper presents a range of quantitative extensions for the temporal logic CTL. We enhance temporal modalities with the ability to constrain the number of states satisfying certain sub-formulas along paths. By selecting the combinations…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-07-01 François Laroussinie , Antoine Meyer , Eudes Petonnet

Large language model (LLM) agents are increasingly deployed in structured biomedical data environments, yet they often produce fluent but overconfident outputs when reasoning over complex multi-table data. We introduce an uncertainty-aware…

It is desirable for an agent to be able to solve a rich variety of problems that can be specified through language in the same environment. A popular approach towards obtaining such agents is to reuse skills learned in prior tasks to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Geraud Nangue Tasse , Devon Jarvis , Steven James , Benjamin Rosman

While Language Agents have achieved promising success by placing Large Language Models at the core of a more versatile design that dynamically interacts with the external world, the existing approaches neglect the notion of uncertainty…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Jiuzhou Han , Wray Buntine , Ehsan Shareghi

In an era where single large language models have dominated the landscape of artificial intelligence for years, multi-agent systems arise as new protagonists in conversational task-solving. While previous studies have showcased their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Jonas Becker

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in high-stakes settings where good decisions require forming beliefs over the probability of unknown outcomes. However, it is unclear whether LLMs act as if they hold coherent beliefs…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Khurram Yamin , Jingjing Tang , Santiago Cortes-Gomez , Amit Sharma , Eric Horvitz , Bryan Wilder

Machine Learning (ML) has emerged as a powerful form of data modelling with widespread applicability beyond its roots in the design of autonomous agents. However, relatively little attention has been paid to the interaction between people…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-29 A. Baskar , Ashwin Srinivasan , Michael Bain , Enrico Coiera

Agentic systems have transformed how Large Language Models (LLMs) can be leveraged to create autonomous systems with goal-directed behaviors, consisting of multi-step planning and the ability to interact with different environments. These…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Judy Zhu , Dhari Gandhi , Himanshu Joshi , Ahmad Rezaie Mianroodi , Sedef Akinli Kocak , Dhanesh Ramachandran

Multi-agent large language models (MA-LLMs) are a rapidly growing research area that leverages multiple interacting language agents to tackle complex tasks, outperforming single-agent large language models. This literature review…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Arne Tillmann

Large Language Models (LLMs) still face challenges when dealing with complex reasoning tasks, often resulting in hallucinations, which limit the practical application of LLMs. To alleviate this issue, this paper proposes a new method that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Zhihua Duan , Jialin Wang

Modeling agent behavior is central to understanding the emergence of complex phenomena in multiagent systems. Prior work in agent modeling has largely been task-specific and driven by hand-engineering domain-specific prior knowledge. We…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2018-08-02 Aditya Grover , Maruan Al-Shedivat , Jayesh K. Gupta , Yura Burda , Harrison Edwards

We propose a formal proof of the undecidability of the model checking problem for alternating- time temporal logic under imperfect information and perfect recall semantics. This problem was announced to be undecidable according to a…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2011-02-22 Catalin Dima , Ferucio Laurentiu Tiplea

Computational argumentation offers formal frameworks for transparent, verifiable reasoning but has traditionally been limited by its reliance on domain-specific information and extensive feature engineering. In contrast, LLMs excel at…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Stylianos Loukas Vasileiou , Antonio Rago , Francesca Toni , William Yeoh

A new logic for verification of security policies is proposed. The logic, HyperLTL, extends linear-time temporal logic (LTL) with connectives for explicit and simultaneous quantification over multiple execution paths, thereby enabling…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2013-07-10 Masoud Koleini , Michael R. Clarkson , Kristopher K. Micinski

Large Language Models (LLMs) trained with reinforcement learning and verifiable rewards have achieved strong results on complex reasoning tasks. Recent work extends this paradigm to a multi-agent setting, where a meta-thinking agent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Zhiwei Zhang , Xiaomin Li , Yudi Lin , Hui Liu , Ramraj Chandradevan , Linlin Wu , Minhua Lin , Fali Wang , Xianfeng Tang , Qi He , Suhang Wang

The logic of the hide and seek game LHS was proposed to reason about search missions and interactions between agents in pursuit-evasion environments. As proved in literature, having an equality constant in the language of LHS drastically…

Logic · Mathematics 2023-05-26 Qian Chen , Dazhu Li

Reasoning and linguistic skills form the cornerstone of human intelligence, facilitating problem-solving and decision-making. Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have led to impressive linguistic capabilities and emergent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Gaurav Arora , Srujana Merugu , Shreya Jain , Vaibhav Saxena

Truthfulness (adherence to factual accuracy) and utility (satisfying human needs and instructions) are both fundamental aspects of Large Language Models, yet these goals often conflict (e.g., sell a car with known flaws), which makes it…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Zhe Su , Xuhui Zhou , Sanketh Rangreji , Anubha Kabra , Julia Mendelsohn , Faeze Brahman , Maarten Sap

We present an elementary introduction to a new logic for reasoning about behaviors that occur over time. This logic is based on temporal type theory. The syntax of the logic is similar to the usual first-order logic; what differs is the…

Logic · Mathematics 2022-11-04 Brendan Fong , Alberto Speranzon , David I. Spivak