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We derive a necessary and sufficient condition for the thermalization of a local observable in a closed quantum system which offers an alternative explanation, independent of the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis, for the thermalization…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2014-04-11 J. Sirker , N. P. Konstantinidis , F. Andraschko , N. Sedlmayr

We establish a link between unitary relaxation dynamics after a quench in closed many-body systems and the entanglement in the energy eigenbasis. We find that even if reduced states equilibrate, they can have memory on the initial…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-01-25 Christian Gogolin , Markus P. Mueller , Jens Eisert

We consider a generalized chiral Gaussian Unitary Ensemble (chGUE) based on a weak confining potential. We study the spectral correlations close to the origin in the thermodynamic limit. We show that for eigenvalues separated up to the mean…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2009-11-07 Antonio M. Garcia-Garcia

We present here the results obtained during my PhD work. We report the study of the many body localization transition in a spin chain and the breaking of ergodicity measured in terms of return probability in a state evolution. Moreover, we…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2013-02-06 Andrea De Luca

It is widely accepted that local subsystems in isolated integrable quantum systems equilibrate to generalized Gibbs ensembles. Here, we demonstrate the failure of canonical generalized thermalization for a particular class of initial states…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2023-04-05 Guillaume Cecile , Jacopo De Nardis , Enej Ilievski

The Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis (ETH) provides a sufficient condition for thermalization of isolated quantum systems. While the standard ETH is formulated in the absence of degeneracy, physical systems often possess symmetries that…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-05-27 Soma Onoda , Osamu Fukushima , Ryusuke Hamazaki , Okuto Morikawa

A quantum many-body system which is prepared in the ground state of an integrable Hamiltonian does not directly thermalize after a sudden small parameter quench away from integrability. Rather, it will be trapped in a prethermalized state…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2011-08-15 Marcus Kollar , F. Alexander Wolf , Martin Eckstein

The Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis (ETH) provides a way to understand how an isolated quantum mechanical system can be approximated by a thermal density matrix. We find a class of operators in (1+1)-$d$ conformal field theories,…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-08-30 Pallab Basu , Diptarka Das , Shouvik Datta , Sridip Pal

This review gives a pedagogical introduction to the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH), its basis, and its implications to statistical mechanics and thermodynamics. In the first part, ETH is introduced as a natural extension of…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2016-08-02 Luca D'Alessio , Yariv Kafri , Anatoli Polkovnikov , Marcos Rigol

Having analytical instances of the Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis (ETH) is of obvious interest, both for fundamental and applied reasons. This is generically a hard task, due to the belief that non-linear interactions are basic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-08-01 Javier M. Magan

The Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis (ETH) is a framework for discussing thermal behavior originating from chaotic dynamics in isolated many-body quantum systems. The PXP model, where certain states do not thermalize, has been compared…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-17 Maanav Srihari , Anil Shaji

Relaxed quantum systems with conservation laws are believed to be approximated by the Generalized Gibbs Ensemble (GGE), which incorporates the constraints of certain conserved quantities serving as integrals of motion. By drawing an analogy…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-12-09 Hao Chen , Biao Lian

The emergence of statistical mechanics for isolated classical systems comes about through chaotic dynamics and ergodicity. Here we review how similar questions can be answered in quantum systems. The crucial point is that individual energy…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-07-25 Joshua M. Deutsch

Statistical mechanics can predict thermal equilibrium states for most classical systems, but for an isolated quantum system there is no general understanding on how equilibrium states dynamically emerge from the microscopic Hamiltonian. For…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-08-03 B. Neyenhuis , J. Smith , A. C. Lee , J. Zhang , P. Richerme , P. W. Hess , Z. -X. Gong , A. V. Gorshkov , C. Monroe

We study the expectation values of observables and correlation functions at long times after a global quantum quench. Our focus is on metallic (`gapless') fermionic many-body models and small quenches. The system is prepared in an…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2017-01-30 D. M. Kennes , J. C. Pommerening , J. Diekmann , C. Karrasch , V. Meden

For a quantum system in a macroscopically large volume $V$, prepared in a pure state and subject to maximally noisy or ergodic unitary dynamics, the reduced density matrix of any sub-system $v\ll V$ is almost surely totally mixed. We show…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-01-15 Michel Bauer , Denis Bernard , Tony Jin

In a generic random system, the coexistence of extended and localized states can be evidenced by the subextensive width of energy distribution of a physical initial state in, for example, the quantum quenches which involving the local…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-05-28 Chen-Huan Wu

We investigate the impact of the boundary shape on the thermalization behavior of a confined system of classical hard disks at low packing fraction and thus in the gas regime. We use both analytical calculations and numerical simulations,…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-02-25 Francesco Caravelli , Marc D. Vuffray

The eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) has been highly influential in explaining thermodynamic behavior of closed quantum systems. As of yet, it is unclear whether and how the ETH applies to non-Hermitian systems. Here, we introduce…

We propose a general method to embed target states into the middle of the energy spectrum of a many-body Hamiltonian as its energy eigenstates. Employing this method, we construct a translationally-invariant local Hamiltonian with no local…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2017-07-25 Naoto Shiraishi , Takashi Mori
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