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In this work, we investigate a simple nonequilibrium system with many interconnected, open subsystems, each exchanging a globally conserved resource with an external reserve. The system is represented by a random graph, where nodes…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2025-12-30 Shreeman Auromahima , Sitangshu Bikas Santra , Biplab Bose

Random geometric graphs consist of randomly distributed nodes (points), with pairs of nodes within a given mutual distance linked. In the usual model the distribution of nodes is uniform on a square, and in the limit of infinitely many…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2018-09-27 Carl P. Dettmann

The k-th power of a n-vertex graph X is the iterated cartesian product of X with itself. The k-th symmetric power of X is the quotient graph of certain subgraph of its k-th power by the natural action of the symmetric group. It is natural…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2008-01-16 Alfredo Alzaga , Rodrigo Iglesias , Ricardo Pignol

We call an oriented odd cycle alternating if it has exactly one vertex whose in-degree and out-degree are both positive. In this paper, we investigate whether certain graphs admit an orientation that avoids alternating odd cycles as…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-08-27 Nóra Almási , Gábor Simonyi

Laplace operators on finite compact metric graphs are considered under the assumption that matching conditions at graph vertices are of $\delta$ and $\delta'$ types. Assuming rational independence of edge lengths, necessary and sufficient…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2015-12-09 Yulia Ershova , Irina I. Karpenko , Alexander V. Kiselev

For an incidence geometry $\mathcal{G} = (\mathcal{P}, \mathcal{L}, \text{I})$ with a linear representation $\mathcal{T}_n^*(\mathcal{K})$, we apply WQH switching to construct a non-geometric graph $\Gamma'$ cospectral with the line graph…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-04-26 Ferdinand Ihringer

A homomorphism from a graph $X$ to a graph $Y$ is an adjacency preserving mapping $f:V(X) \rightarrow V(Y)$. We consider a nonlocal game in which Alice and Bob are trying to convince a verifier with certainty that a graph $X$ admits a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-21 Laura Mančinska , David E. Roberson

This paper introduces a new graph construction, the permutational power of a graph, whose adjacency matrix is obtained by the composition of a permutation matrix with the adjacency matrix of the graph. It is shown that this construction…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-10-29 Matteo Cavaleri , Daniele D'Angeli , Alfredo Donno

We give sufficient conditions under which a random graph with a specified degree sequence is symmetric or asymmetric. In the case of bounded degree sequences, our characterisation captures the phase transition of the symmetry of the random…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-04-07 Lochlan Brick , Pu Gao , Angus Southwell

We initiate the study of Hamiltonian cycles up to symmetries of the underlying graph. Our focus lies on the extremal case of Hamiltonian-transitive graphs, i.e., Hamiltonian graphs where, for every pair of Hamiltonian cycles, there is a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-06 Julia Baligacs , Sofia Brenner , Annette Lutz , Lena Volk

In this paper, we propose algorithms for the graph isomorphism (GI) problem that are based on the eigendecompositions of the adjacency matrices. The eigenvalues of isomorphic graphs are identical. However, two graphs $ G_A $ and $ G_B $ can…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2019-08-14 Stefan Klus , Tuhin Sahai

The non-commuting graph $\Gamma_R$ of a finite ring $R$ with center $Z(R)$ is a simple undirected graph whose vertex set is $R \setminus Z(R)$ and two distinct vertices $a$ and $b$ are adjacent if and only if $ab \ne ba$. In this paper, we…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2017-03-16 J. Dutta , D. K. Basnet

For a graph $G$ and integer $k\geq1$, we define the token graph $F_k(G)$ to be the graph with vertex set all $k$-subsets of $V(G)$, where two vertices are adjacent in $F_k(G)$ whenever their symmetric difference is a pair of adjacent…

We investigate whether it is typical for a sparse graph to be uniquely characterized by its adjacency spectrum up to isomorphism. Our first result shows that the giant component of an Erd\H{o}s-R\'enyi graph is cospectral when the average…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-02-27 Nils Van de Berg , Alexander Van Werde

McConnell [FOCS 2001] presented a flipping transformation from circular-arc graphs to interval graphs with certain patterns of representations. Beyond its algorithmic implications, this transformation is instrumental in identifying all…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-04-30 Yixin Cao , Tomasz Krawczyk

A graph is vertex-transitive if its automorphism group acts transitively on vertices of the graph. A vertex-transitive graph is a Cayley graph if its automorphism group contains a subgroup acting regularly on its vertices. In this paper,…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2022-03-10 Majid Arezoomand , Mohsen Ghasemi , Mohammad A. Iranmanesh

Let $G=(V,E)$ be a graph. If $G$ is a K\"onig graph or $G$ is a graph without 3-cycles and 5-cycle, we prove that the following conditions are equivalent: $\Delta_{G}$ is pure shellable, $R/I_{\Delta}$ is Cohen-Macaulay, $G$ is unmixed…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-05-04 Iván Dario Castrillón , Roberto Cruz , Enrique Reyes

Let G be a group. The intersection graph G(G) of G is an undirected graph without loops and multiple edges defined as follows: the vertex set is the set of all proper nontrivial subgroups of G; and there is an edge between two distinct…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2014-06-13 Ergün Yaraneri

For $S \subset \mathbb{R}^n$ and $d > 0$, denote by $G(S, d)$ the graph with vertex set $S$ with any two vertices being adjacent if and only if they are at a Euclidean distance $d$ apart. Deem such a graph to be ``non-trivial" if $d$ is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-06-11 Matt Noble

Given any two forests (pseudoforests) with the same degree sequence, we show that one can be transformed into the other by a sequence of 2-switches in such a way that all the intermediate graphs of the transformation are forests…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-12 Victor N. Schvöllner , Adrián Pastine , Daniel A. Jaume