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Existence of spam URLs over emails and Online Social Media (OSM) has become a growing phenomenon. To counter the dissemination issues associated with long complex URLs in emails and character limit imposed on various OSM (like Twitter), the…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2014-05-08 Neha Gupta , Ponnurangam Kumaraguru

Malicious URL, a.k.a. malicious website, is a common and serious threat to cybersecurity. Malicious URLs host unsolicited content (spam, phishing, drive-by exploits, etc.) and lure unsuspecting users to become victims of scams (monetary…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-22 Doyen Sahoo , Chenghao Liu , Steven C. H. Hoi

URLs are central to a myriad of cyber-security threats, from phishing to the distribution of malware. Their inherent ease of use and familiarity is continuously abused by attackers to evade defences and deceive end-users. Seemingly…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-08-31 Mahathir Almashor , Ejaz Ahmed , Benjamin Pick , Sharif Abuadbba , Raj Gaire , Seyit Camtepe , Surya Nepal

Phishing attacks threaten online users, often leading to data breaches, financial losses, and identity theft. Traditional phishing detection systems struggle with high false positive rates and are usually limited by the types of attacks…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Sneha Baskota

The most widespread type of phishing attack involves email messages with links pointing to malicious content. Despite user training and the use of detection techniques, these attacks are still highly effective. Recent studies show that it…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Daniele Lain , Yoshimichi Nakatsuka , Kari Kostiainen , Gene Tsudik , Srdjan Capkun

Malicious websites are responsible for a majority of the cyber-attacks and scams today. Malicious URLs are delivered to unsuspecting users via email, text messages, pop-ups or advertisements. Clicking on or crawling such URLs can result in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-10-15 Apoorva Joshi , Levi Lloyd , Paul Westin , Srini Seethapathy

Phishing is an online identity theft technique where attackers steal users personal information, leading to financial losses for individuals and organizations. With the increasing adoption of smartphones, which provide functionalities…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Diksha Goel

The use of short text messages in social media and instant messaging has become a popular communication channel during the last years. This rising popularity has caused an increment in messaging threats such as spam, phishing or malware as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2014-08-19 Alejandro Mosquera , Lamine Aouad , Slawomir Grzonkowski , Dylan Morss

Phishing attacks are an increasingly potent web-based threat, with nearly 1.5 million websites created on a monthly basis. In this work, we present the first study towards identifying such attacks through phishing reports shared by users on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-12-23 Sayak Saha Roy , Unique Karanjit , Shirin Nilizadeh

With more than 500 million daily tweets from over 330 million active users, Twitter constantly attracts malicious users aiming to carry out phishing and malware-related attacks against its user base. It therefore becomes of paramount…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-12-06 Simon Bell , Kenny Paterson , Lorenzo Cavallaro

SMS Phishing (also known as 'smishing') is a growing deceptive social engineering (SE) attack that leverages mobile SMS to conduct cybercrimes such as stealing sensitive information or spreading malware by tricking users into interacting…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Mir Mehedi A. Pritom , Seyed Mohammad Sanjari , Maraz Mia , Ashfak Md Shibli , S M Mostaq Hossain , Muhammad Ismail , Shouhuai Xu

With the booming popularity of smartphones, threats related to these devices are increasingly on the rise. Smishing, a combination of SMS (Short Message Service) and phishing has emerged as a treacherous cyber threat used by malicious…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Daniel Timko , Daniel Hernandez Castillo , Muhammad Lutfor Rahman

Malicious websites and phishing URLs pose an ever-increasing cybersecurity risk, with phishing attacks growing by 40% in a single year. Traditional detection approaches rely on machine learning classifiers or rule-based scanners operating…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Avihay Cohen

Phishing is the simplest form of cybercrime with the objective of baiting people into giving away delicate information such as individually recognizable data, banking and credit card details, or even credentials and passwords. This type of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-23 Moitrayee Chatterjee , Akbar Siami Namin

A large part of modern day communications are carried out through the medium of E-mails, especially corporate communications. More and more people are using E-mail for personal uses too. Companies also send notifications to their customers…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-03-13 Gaurav Ojha , Gaurav Kumar Tak

The daily deluge of alerts is a sombre reality for Security Operations Centre (SOC) personnel worldwide. They are at the forefront of an organisation's cybersecurity infrastructure, and face the unenviable task of prioritising threats…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-08-29 Mahathir Almashor , Ejaz Ahmed , Benjamin Pick , Sharif Abuadbba , Jason Xue , Raj Gaire , Shuo Wang , Seyit Camtepe , Surya Nepal

The Internet is used by billions of users every day because it offers fast and free communication tools and platforms. Nevertheless, with this significant increase in usage, huge amounts of spam are generated every second, which wastes…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Omar Husni Odeh , Anas Arram , Murad Njoum

Spam messes up users inbox, consumes resources and spread attacks like DDoS, MiM, phishing etc. Phishing is a byproduct of email and causes financial loss to users and loss of reputation to financial institutions. In this paper we examine…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2011-08-09 Cynthia Dhinakaran , Dhinaharan Nagamalai , Jae Kwang Lee

Phishing is considered to be one of the most prevalent cyber-attacks because of its immense flexibility and alarmingly high success rate. Even with adequate training and high situational awareness, it can still be hard for users to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-05-15 Orestis Christou , Nikolaos Pitropakis , Pavlos Papadopoulos , Sean McKeown , William J. Buchanan

Digital service providers often prioritize a frictionless user experience by adopting technologies that simplify access to their services. One widely used mechanism is the Short Message Service (SMS) to deliver links (URLs) that enable…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Muhammad Danish , Enrique Sobrados , Priya Kaushik , Bhupendra Acharya , Muhammad Saad , Abdullah Mueen , Sazzadur Rahaman , Afsah Anwar
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