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The identification of an unknown quantum gate is a significant issue in quantum technology. In this paper, we propose a quantum gate identification method within the framework of quantum process tomography. In this method, a series of pure…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-05-15 Yuanlong Wang , Qi Yin , Daoyi Dong , Bo Qi , Ian R. Petersen , Zhibo Hou , Hidehiro Yonezawa , Guo-Yong Xiang

Storing quantum information in a quantum error correction code can protect it from errors, but the ability to transform the stored quantum information in a fault tolerant way is equally important. Logical Pauli group operators can be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-16 Mark A. Webster , Armanda O. Quintavalle , Stephen D. Bartlett

It is well known that a quantum circuit on $N$ qubits composed of Clifford gates with the addition of $k$ non Clifford gates can be simulated on a classical computer by an algorithm scaling as $\text{poly}(N)\exp(k)$[1]. We show that, for a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-05-05 Lorenzo Leone , Salvatore F. E. Oliviero , You Zhou , Alioscia Hamma

Fault-tolerant quantum computing hinges on efficient logical compilation, in particular, translating high-level circuits into code-compatible implementations. Gate-by-gate compilation often yields deep circuits, requiring significant…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-16 Alexander Popov , Nico Meyer , Daniel D. Scherer , Guido Dietl

This is a brief overview of quantum holonomies in the context of quantum computation. We choose an adequate set of quantum logic gates, namely, a phase gate, the Hadamard gate, and a conditional-phase gate and show how they can be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Marie Ericsson

We systematically construct and classify fault-tolerant logical gates implemented by constant-depth circuits for quantum codes using cohomology operations and symmetry. These logical gates are obtained from unitary operators given by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-30 Po-Shen Hsin , Ryohei Kobayashi , Guanyu Zhu

We use our Clifford algebra technique, that is nilpotents and projectors which are binomials of the Clifford algebra objects $\gamma^a$ with the property $\{\gamma^a,\gamma^b\}_+ = 2 \eta^{ab}$, for representing quantum gates and quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 M. Gregoric , N. S. Mankoc Borstnik

Given some group $G$ of logical gates, for instance the Clifford group, what are the quantum encodings for which these logical gates can be implemented by simple physical operations, described by some physical representation of $G$? We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-10 Aurélie Denys , Anthony Leverrier

Quantum computing offers advantages over classical computation, yet the precise features that set the two apart remain unclear. In the standard quantum circuit model, adding a 1-qubit basis-changing gate -- commonly chosen to be the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-26 Wang Fang , Chris Heunen , Robin Kaarsgaard

It is an oft-cited fact that no quantum code can support a set of fault-tolerant logical gates that is both universal and transversal. This no-go theorem is generally responsible for the interest in alternative universality constructions…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-20 Theodore J. Yoder , Ryuji Takagi , Isaac L. Chuang

We characterize control of a qutrit implemented in the lowest three energy levels of a capacitively-shunted flux-biased superconducting circuit. Randomized benchmarking over the qutrit Clifford group yields an average fidelity of 98.89…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-28 M. Kononenko , M. A. Yurtalan , S. Ren , J. Shi , S. Ashhab , A. Lupascu

While all quantum algorithms can be expressed in terms of single-qubit and two-qubit gates, more expressive gate sets can help reduce the algorithmic depth. This is important in the presence of gate errors, especially those due to…

Quantum algorithms for quantum chemistry map the dynamics of electrons in a molecule to the dynamics of a coupled spin system. To reach chemical accuracy for interesting molecules, a large number of quantum gates must be applied which…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-02-02 Colin J. Trout , Kenneth R. Brown

Let G(A,B) denote the 2-qubit gate which acts as the 1-qubit SU(2) gates A and B in the even and odd parity subspaces respectively, of two qubits. Using a Clifford algebra formalism we show that arbitrary uniform families of circuits of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-11-19 Richard Jozsa , Akimasa Miyake

Impurities hosted in semiconducting solid matrices represent an extensively studied platform for quantum computing applications. In this scenario, the so-called flip-flop qubit emerges as a convenient choice for scalable implementations in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-23 Elena Ferraro , Davide Rei , Matteo Paris , Marco De Michielis

The stabiliser formalism plays a central role in quantum computing, error correction, and fault tolerance. Conversions between and verifications of different specifications of stabiliser states and Clifford gates are important components of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-09 Nadish de Silva , Wilfred Salmon , Ming Yin

Scalable quantum computation in realistic devices requires that precise control can be implemented efficiently in the presence of decoherence and operational errors. We propose a general constructive procedure for designing robust unitary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-04-21 Kaveh Khodjasteh , Lorenza Viola

We propose to represent both $n$--qubits and quantum gates acting on them as elements in the complex Clifford algebra defined on a complex vector space of dimension $2n.$ In this framework, the Dirac formalism can be realized in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-04 Jaroslav Hrdina , Ales Navrat , Petr Vasik

To run large-scale algorithms on a quantum computer, error-correcting codes must be able to perform a fundamental set of operations, called logic gates, while isolating the encoded information from…

Quantum magic is a necessary resource for quantum computers to be not efficiently simulable by classical computers. Previous results have linked the amount of quantum magic, characterized by the number of $T$ gates or stabilizer rank, to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-07 Yifan Zhang , Yuxuan Zhang