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Einstein's General Relativity theory has been tested in many ways during the last hundred years as reviewed in this chapter. Two tests are discussed in detail in this article: the concept of a zero gravity surface, the roots of which go…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2014-11-24 Gene Byrd , Arthur Chernin , Pekka Teerikorpi , Mauri Valtonen

Einstein Telescope (ET) is a third-generation gravitational wave (GW) detector with tenfold better sensitivity compared to the advanced LIGO detectors. It will be capable of observing copious stellar mass binary black hole mergers up to a…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-30 Pinaki Roy , Tomasz Bulik

Einstein Telescope (ET) is conceived to be a third generation gravitational-wave observatory. Its amplitude sensitivity would be a factor ten better than advanced LIGO and Virgo and it could also extend the low-frequency sensitivity down to…

Black holes in General Relativity are very simple objects. This property, that goes under the name of "no-hair," has been refined in the last few decades and admits several versions. The simplicity of black holes makes them ideal testbeds…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-08-24 Vitor Cardoso , Leonardo Gualtieri

Detections of gravitational waves emitted from binary black hole coalescences allow us to probe the strong-field dynamics of general relativity (GR). One can compare the observed gravitational-wave signals with theoretical waveform models…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-08-30 Purnima Narayan , Nathan K. Johnson-McDaniel , Anuradha Gupta

The detection of gravitational waves from the inspiral of a neutron star or stellar-mass black hole into an intermediate-mass black hole (IMBH) promises an entirely new look at strong-field gravitational physics. Gravitational waves from…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2012-05-29 Carl L. Rodriguez , Ilya Mandel , Jonathan R. Gair

One of the consequences of the black-hole "no-hair" theorem in general relativity (GR) is that gravitational radiation (quasi-normal modes) from a perturbed Kerr black hole is uniquely determined by its mass and spin. Thus, the spectrum of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-05-29 Siddharth Dhanpal , Abhirup Ghosh , Ajit Kumar Mehta , Parameswaran Ajith , B. S. Sathyaprakash

General relativity has been widely tested in weak gravitational fields but still stands largely untested in the strong-field regime. According to the no-hair theorem, black holes in general relativity depend only on their masses and spins…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2016-05-25 Tim Johannsen

The capability of the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) to image the nearest supermassive black hole candidates at horizon-scale resolutions offers a novel means to study gravity in its strongest regimes and to test different models for these…

The no-hair theorem can be tested in the strong gravity regime by using the top-bottom approach and the bottom-top approach. The non-Kerr spacetime of the later approach is an ideal framework to do the tests in the region very close to the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-10-04 Usman A. Gillani , Rehana Rahim , Khalid Saifullah

Gravitational wave signals from compact binary coalescences offer a powerful and reliable probe of General Relativity. To date, the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA collaboration has provided stringent consistency tests of General Relativity predictions.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-11-12 Andrea Begnoni , Walter Del Pozzo , Matteo Pegorin , Joachim Pomper , Angelo Ricciardone

I discuss a recent analytic proof of bypassing the no-hair conjecture for two interesting (and quite generic) cases of four-dimensional black holes: (i) black holes in Einstein-Yang-Mills-Higgs (EYMH) systems and (ii) black holes in…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 N. E. Mavromatos

Using recent results from numerical relativity simulations of non-spinning binary black hole mergers we revisit the problem of detecting ringdown waveforms and of estimating the source parameters, considering both LISA and Earth-based…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 Emanuele Berti , Jaime Cardoso , Vitor Cardoso , Marco Cavaglia

We find hairy black holes of Einstein-Maxwell theory with a complex scalar field that is confined inside a box in a Minkowski background. These regular hairy black holes are asymptotically flat and thus the presence of the box or mirror…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-06-20 Oscar J. C. Dias , Ramon Masachs

In any extension of General Relativity (GR), extra fundamental degrees of freedom couple to gravity. Besides deforming GR forecasts in a theory-dependent way, this coupling generically introduces extra modes in the gravitational-wave…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-02-03 Francesco Crescimbeni , Xisco Jimenez Forteza , Swetha Bhagwat , Julian Westerweck , Paolo Pani

Scalar-tensor theories are a compelling alternative to general relativity and one of the most accepted extensions of Einstein's theory. Black holes in these theories have no hair, but could grow "wigs" supported by time-dependent boundary…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-06-26 Emanuele Berti , Vitor Cardoso , Leonardo Gualtieri , Michael Horbatsch , Ulrich Sperhake

The bumblebee gravity model, with a vector field nonminimally coupled to gravity, is a natural extension of the Einstein-Maxwell theory. In this theory, a black hole can carry a vector hair, making the metric deviate from the Schwarzschild…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-02-24 Dicong Liang , Rui Xu , Zhan-Feng Mai , Lijing Shao

Black holes in General Relativity are famously characterized by two "hairs" only, the mass and the spin of the Kerr spacetime. Theories extending General Relativity, however, allow in principle for additional black hole charges, which will…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-08-08 Kallol Dey , Enrico Barausse , Soumen Basak

In the realm of spacetimes governed by Einstein's general relativity and containing only Maxwell's electromagnetic field, stationary black holes are fully characterized by their mass, electric or magnetic charge, and angular momentum -- a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-10-18 Romain Gervalle

Future space-based gravitational-wave detectors will detect gravitational waves with high sensitivity in the millihertz frequency band, which provides more opportunities to test theories of gravity than ground-based ones. The study of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-07-06 Cai-Ying Shao , Yu Hu , Cheng-Gang Shao