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Two- and multi-dimensional spectroscopy is used in physics and chemistry to obtain structural and dynamical information that would otherwise be invisible by the projection into a one-dimensional data set such as a single emission or…
Characterizing the quantum state of intense light fields on sub-cycle timescales remains beyond the reach of existing methods. Here, we show that attosecond streaking provides direct, phase-sensitive access to the quantum properties of the…
The recent development of Homochromatic Attosecond Streaking (HAS) has enabled a novel, highly precise method for ultrafast metrology of attosecond electron pulses as well as for real-time sampling of the instantaneous field waveforms of…
Attosecond science has been transforming our understanding of electron dynamics in atoms, molecules and solids. However, to date almost all of the attoscience experiments have been based on spectroscopic measurements because attosecond…
Attosecond interferometry (AI) is an experimental technique based on ionizing a system with an attosecond pulse train in the presence of an assisting laser. This assisting laser provides multiple pathways for the photoelectron wave packet…
In order for telescopes to obtain good and precise images they need to see through atmospheric turbulence. To accomplish this and compensate for atmospheric turbulence we use Adaptive Optics technologies. In this thesis we analyze the…
The duration of isolated attosecond pulses created via high-order harmonic generation is determined by the number of optical cycles in the driving laser. Achieving shorter attosecond soft X-ray pulses requires minimizing the number of…
High harmonic spectroscopy can access structural and dynamical information on molecular systems encoded in amplitude and phase of high harmonic generation (HHG) signals4. However, measurement of the harmonic phase is a daunting task. Here…
We simulate scattering delays from the interstellar medium to examine the effectiveness of three estimators in recovering these delays in pulsar timing data. Two of these estimators use the more traditional process of fitting…
We propose the scheme of temporal double-slit interferometer to precisely measure the electric field of shaped intense femtosecond laser pulse directly, and apply it to control the electron tunneling wave packets in attosecond precision. By…
High harmonic generation (HHG) is used to measure the spectral phase of the recombination dipole matrix element (RDM) in argon over a broad frequency range that includes the 3p Cooper minimum (CM). The measured RDM phase agrees well with…
Measuring an electric field waveform beyond radio frequencies is often accomplished via a second-order nonlinear interaction with a laser pulse shorter than half of the field's oscillation period. However, synthesizing such a gate pulse is…
We perform a detailed analysis of how high-order harmonic generation (HHG) and above-threshold ionization (ATI) can be controlled by a time-delayed attosecond-pulse train superposed to a strong, near-infrared laser field. In particular we…
Attosecond pulses, produced through high-order harmonic generation in gases, have been successfully used for observing ultrafast, sub-femtosecond electron dynamics in atoms, molecules and solid state systems. Today's typical attosecond…
The evolution of electron wavepackets determines the course of many physical and chemical phenomena and attosecond spectroscopy aims to measure and control such dynamics in real-time. Here, we investigate radial electron wavepacket motion…
We present an innovative beamline for extreme ultraviolet (XUV)-infrared (IR) pump-probe reflection spectroscopy in solids with attosecond temporal resolution. The setup uses an actively stabilized interferometer, where attosecond pulse…
We present a novel split-delay line design for generating hard x-ray attosecond pulse pulse pairs. The design introduces an unconventional delay adjustment mechanism, where an x-ray mirror pair rotation was used for adjusting the path…
We propose a general technique to retrieve the information of dipole-forbidden resonances in the autoionizing region. In the simulation, a helium atom is pumped by an isolated attosecond pulse in the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) combined with…
We demonstrate time-resolved nonlinear extreme-ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy on multiply charged ions, here applied to the doubly charged neon ion, driven by a phase-locked sequence of two intense free-electron laser pulses.…
Ultrafast laser excitation can trigger multiplex coherent dynamics in molecules. Here, we report attosecond transient absorption experiments addressing simultaneous probing of electronic and vibrational dynamics in a prototype molecule,…