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We derive the phase space density of bosons from a general boson interferometry formula. We find that the phase space density is connected with the two-particles and the single particle density distribution functions. If the boson density…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2010-01-15 Q. H. Zhang , J. Barrette , C. Gale

According to the identity principle in quantum theory, states of a system consisted of identical particles should maintain unchanged under interchanging between two of the particles. The whole wavefunction should be symmetrized or…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-12-08 Wei-Tao Liu , Wei Wu , Ping-Xing Chen , Cheng-Zu Li , Jian-Min Yuan

The wavefunction of two identical bosons remains invariant under particle exchange - a fundamental quantum symmetry that underlies Bose-Einstein statistics. We report the direct experimental observation of bosonic exchange symmetry in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-15 Yefeng Mei , Yue Jiang , Shengwang Du

The analytical probability distribution of finite systems obeying Bose-Einstein statistics in one, two, and three dimensions are investigated by using a canonical ensemble approach. Starting from the canonical partition function of the…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2007-05-23 Hongwei Xiong , Shujuan Liu , Guoxiang Huang , FengMin Wu , Zhijun Xu

One of the most fundamental quantum features is the two-photon intensity correlation on a beam splitter, resulting in photon bunching into either output port. According to the conventional understanding of quantum mechanics, the origin of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-28 Byoung S. Ham

The review of the following results of the Refs. \cite{Sem} - \cite{Ans} is presented: For mixed state light of $N$-mode electromagnetic field described by Wigner function which has generic Gaussian form the photon distribution function is…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 V. I. Man'ko

We present a powerful new algorithm that combines both spatial information (event locations and the point spread function) and spectral information (photon energies) to separate photons from overlapping sources. We use Bayesian statistical…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2017-11-06 David E. Jones , Vinay L. Kashyap , David A. van Dyk

Non-classical light sources emitting bundles of N-photons with strong correlation represent versatile resources of interdisciplinary importance with applications ranging from fundamental tests of quantum mechanics to quantum information…

A theory is presented for the photodetection statistics of radiation produced by current fluctuations in a phase-coherent conductor. Deviations are found from the Poisson statistics that would result from a classical current. For detection…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 C. W. J. Beenakker , H. Schomerus

A commonly held tenet is that lasers well above threshold emit photons in a coherent state, which follow a Poissonian statistics when measured in photon number. This feature is often exploited to build quantum-based random number generators…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-09-10 J. F. Dynes , M. Lucamarini , K. A. Patel , A. W. Sharpe , Z. L. Yuan , A. J. Shields

Sampling the distribution of bosons that have undergone a random unitary evolution is strongly believed to be a computationally hard problem. Key to outperforming classical simulations of this task is to increase both the number of input…

Photon number distributions from classical and non-classical light sources have been studied extensively, yet their impact on photoemission processes is largely unexplored. In this article, we present measurements of electron…

We utilize large deviation theorems to analyze the distributions of a Bose gas of photons and Planck's identical linear oscillators. By applying the Boltzmann-Sanov and Cram\'er-Chernoff theorems, we calculate the large deviation…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-02-21 D. P. Shinde

We present recent developments on numerical algorithms for computing photon and particle trajectories in the surrounding of compact objects. Strong gravity around neutron stars or black holes causes relativistic effects on the motion of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-04-08 Fabio Bacchini , Bart Ripperda , Lorenzo Sironi

Entangled photons (biphotons) in the time-frequency degree of freedom play a crucial role in both foundational physics and advanced quantum technologies. Fully characterizing them poses a key scientific challenge. Here, we propose a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-22 Baihong Li , Changhua Chen , Boxin Yuan , Xiaofei Zhang , Ruifang Dong , Shougang Zhang , Rui-Bo Jin

Entangled photons generated by spontaneous parametric down conversion inside a nonlinear crystal exhibit a complex spatial photon count distribution. A quantitative description of this distribution helps with the interpretation of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-10-28 Robert Elsner , Dirk Puhlmann , Gregor Pieplow , Axel Heuer , Ralf Menzel

Photons are bosons, and yet, when prepared in specific entangled states, they can exhibit non-bosonic behaviour. While this phenomenon has so far been studied in two-photon systems, exchange symmetries and interference effects in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-10 Shreya Kumar , Alex E Jones , Daniel Bhatti , Stefanie Barz

We study the regularity of densities of distributions that are polynomial images of the standard Gaussian measure on $\mathbb{R}^n$. We assume that the degree of a polynomial is fixed and that each variable enters to a power bounded by…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-07-28 Egor Kosov

In multiparticle quantum interference, bosons show rather generally the tendency to bunch together, while fermions can not. This behavior, which is rooted in the different statistics of the particles, results in a higher coincidence rate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-12-15 Stefano Longhi

We consider the propagation of photons in a model of a charged scalar Bose-Einstein (BE) condensate. We determine the dispersion relations of the collective modes, as well as the photon polarization tensor and the dielectric constant in the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-08-01 José F. Nieves , Sarira Sahu