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Dimensionality reduction (DR) is often used as a preprocessing step in classification, but usually one first fixes the DR mapping, possibly using label information, and then learns a classifier (a filter approach). Best performance would be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-05-27 Weiran Wang , Miguel Á. Carreira-Perpiñán

We explore two primary classes of approaches to dimensionality reduction (DR): Independent Dimensionality Reduction (IDR) and Simultaneous Dimensionality Reduction (SDR). In IDR methods, of which Principal Components Analysis is a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-10-28 Eslam Abdelaleem , Ahmed Roman , K. Michael Martini , Ilya Nemenman

This paper addresses the problem of mapping high-dimensional data to a low-dimensional space, in the presence of other known features. This problem is ubiquitous in science and engineering as there are often controllable/measurable features…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-01-01 Anh Tuan Bui

Dimensionality reduction is a main step in the learning process which plays an essential role in many applications. The most popular methods in this field like SVD, PCA, and LDA, only can be applied to data with vector format. This means…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-01 Soheil Ahmadi , Mansoor Rezghi

Deep neural networks are widely used in various domains. However, the nature of computations at each layer of the deep networks is far from being well understood. Increasing the interpretability of deep neural networks is thus important.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-19 Haiping Huang

Dimensionality reduction (DR) plays a vital role in the visual analysis of high-dimensional data. One main aim of DR is to reveal hidden patterns that lie on intrinsic low-dimensional manifolds. However, DR often overlooks important…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-28 Takanori Fujiwara , Yun-Hsin Kuo , Anders Ynnerman , Kwan-Liu Ma

Analyzing high-dimensional data presents challenges due to the "curse of dimensionality'', making computations intensive. Dimension reduction techniques, categorized as linear or non-linear, simplify such data. Non-linear methods are…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-04-15 Praveen T. W. Hettige , Benjamin W. Ong

A plethora of dimension reduction methods have been developed to visualize high-dimensional data in low dimensions. However, different dimension reduction methods often output different and possibly conflicting visualizations of the same…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-12-19 Bingxue An , Tiffany M. Tang

Linear dimensionality reduction techniques, notably principal component analysis, are widely used in climate data analysis as a means to aid in the interpretation of datasets of high dimensionality. These linear methods may not be…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2009-01-06 Ian Ross

Merging the two cultures of deep and statistical learning provides insights into structured high-dimensional data. Traditional statistical modeling is still a dominant strategy for structured tabular data. Deep learning can be viewed…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-10-25 Anindya Bhadra , Jyotishka Datta , Nick Polson , Vadim Sokolov , Jianeng Xu

Supervised dimensionality reduction has emerged as an important theme in the last decade. Despite the plethora of models and formulations, there is a lack of a simple model which aims to project the set of patterns into a space defined by…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-10-28 Anthony O. Smith , Anand Rangarajan

This paper presents a comprehensive overview of several multidimensional reduction methods focusing on Multidimensional Principal Component Analysis (MPCA), Multilinear Orthogonal Neighborhood Preserving Projection (MONPP), Multidimensional…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-01-05 Mohamed El Guide , Alaa El Ichi , Khalide Jbilou , Lothar Reichel , Hessah Alqahtani

Visualizing high dimensional data by projecting them into two or three dimensional space is one of the most effective ways to intuitively understand the data's underlying characteristics, for example their class neighborhood structure.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-06 Pitoyo Hartono

Efficient estimation of high-dimensional matrices-including covariance and precision matrices-is a cornerstone of modern multivariate statistics. Most existing studies have focused primarily on the theoretical properties of the estimators…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Wan Tian , Hui Yang , Zhouhui Lian , Lingyue Zhang , Yijie Peng

Dimensionality reduction is a fundamental task in modern data science. Several projection methods specifically tailored to take into account the non-linearity of the data via local embeddings have been proposed. Such methods are often based…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-01-28 Antonio Di Noia , Federico Ravenda , Antonietta Mira

We consider multi-class classification problems for high dimensional data. Following the idea of reduced-rank linear discriminant analysis (LDA), we introduce a new dimension reduction tool with a flavor of supervised principal component…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-03-28 Yue Selena Niu , Ning Hao , Bin Dong

We propose a new randomized optimization method for high-dimensional problems which can be seen as a generalization of coordinate descent to random subspaces. We show that an adaptive sampling strategy for the random subspace significantly…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-12-19 Jonathan Lacotte , Mert Pilanci , Marco Pavone

Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) is a classical method for dimensionality reduction, where discriminant vectors are sought to project data to a lower dimensional space for optimal separability of classes. Several recent papers have…

Computation · Statistics 2022-03-04 Summer Atkins , Gudmundur Einarsson , Brendan Ames , Line Clemmensen

We introduce the Linearized Diffusion Map (LDM), a novel linear dimensionality reduction method constructed via a linear approximation of the diffusion-map kernel. LDM integrates the geometric intuition of diffusion-based nonlinear methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Julio Candanedo

Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP) is a widely used manifold learning technique for dimensionality reduction. This paper studies UMAP, supervised UMAP, and several competing dimensionality reduction methods, including…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Guanzhe Zhang , Shanshan Ding , Zhezhen Jin