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We consider Monte-Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) applied to Markov Decision Processes (MDPs) and Partially Observable MDPs (POMDPs), and the well-known Upper Confidence bound for Trees (UCT) algorithm. In UCT, a tree with nodes (states) and edges…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-07-14 Tuan Dam , Pascal Klink , Carlo D'Eramo , Jan Peters , Joni Pajarinen

This work presents the first study of using the popular Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) method combined with dedicated heuristics for solving the Weighted Vertex Coloring Problem. Starting with the basic MCTS algorithm, we gradually…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-08 Cyril Grelier , Olivier Goudet , Jin-Kao Hao

Recent methodologies in LLM self-training mostly rely on LLM generating responses and filtering those with correct output answers as training data. This approach often yields a low-quality fine-tuning training set (e.g., incorrect plans or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Dan Zhang , Sining Zhoubian , Ziniu Hu , Yisong Yue , Yuxiao Dong , Jie Tang

Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) has showcased its efficacy across a broad spectrum of decision-making problems. However, its performance often degrades under vast combinatorial action space, especially where an action is composed of multiple…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Yunhyeok Kwak , Inwoo Hwang , Dooyoung Kim , Sanghack Lee , Byoung-Tak Zhang

Despite their outstanding capabilities, large language models (LLMs) are prone to hallucination and producing factually incorrect information. This challenge has spurred efforts in attributed text generation, which prompts LLMs to generate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Junyi Li , Hwee Tou Ng

Flexible implementations of Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS), combined with domain specific knowledge and hybridization with other search algorithms, can be powerful for finding the solutions to problems in complex planning. We introduce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-24 Larkin Liu , Jun Tao Luo

We present a new Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) algorithm to solve the stochastic orienteering problem with chance constraints, i.e., a version of the problem where travel costs are random, and one is assigned a bound on the tolerable…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-09-06 Stefano Carpin

We propose a provably correct Monte Carlo tree search (MCTS) algorithm for solving risk-aware Markov decision processes (MDPs) with entropic risk measure (ERM) objectives. We provide a non-asymptotic analysis of our proposed algorithm,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Pedro P. Santos , Jacopo Silvestrin , Alberto Sardinha , Francisco S. Melo

In many risk-aware and multi-objective reinforcement learning settings, the utility of the user is derived from a single execution of a policy. In these settings, making decisions based on the average future returns is not suitable. For…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-12-07 Conor F. Hayes , Mathieu Reymond , Diederik M. Roijers , Enda Howley , Patrick Mannion

In this paper, we address a method that integrates reinforcement learning into the Monte Carlo tree search to boost online path planning under fully observable environments for automated parking tasks. Sampling-based planning methods under…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Xinlong Zheng , Xiaozhou Zhang , Donghao Xu

Although RLVR has become an essential component for developing advanced reasoning skills in language models, contemporary studies have documented training plateaus after thousands of optimization steps, i.e., notable decreases in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Fang Wu , Weihao Xuan , Heli Qi , Ximing Lu , Aaron Tu , Li Erran Li , Yejin Choi

Monte-Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) is a widely-used strategy for online planning that combines Monte-Carlo sampling with forward tree search. Its success relies on the Upper Confidence bound for Trees (UCT) algorithm, an extension of the UCB…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Tuan Dam , Odalric-Ambrym Maillard , Emilie Kaufmann

The integration of autonomous vehicles into urban and highway environments necessitates the development of robust and adaptable behavior planning systems. This study presents an innovative approach to address this challenge by utilizing a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-10-19 Qianfeng Wen , Zhongyi Gong , Lifeng Zhou , Zhongshun Zhang

Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) has proven highly effective in solving complex planning tasks by balancing exploration and exploitation using Upper Confidence Bound for Trees (UCT). However, existing work have not considered MCTS-based…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Zuyuan Zhang , Tian Lan

Recent advances in bandit tools and techniques for sequential learning are steadily enabling new applications and are promising the resolution of a range of challenging related problems. We study the game tree search problem, where the goal…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-11-07 Emilie Kaufmann , Wouter Koolen

One weakness of Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) is its sample efficiency which can be addressed by building and using state and/or action abstractions in parallel to the tree search such that information can be shared among nodes of the same…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Robin Schmöcker , Alexander Dockhorn , Bodo Rosenhahn

In response to the lack of trust in Artificial Intelligence (AI) for sequential planning, we design a Computational Tree Logic-guided large language model (LLM)-based natural language explanation framework designed for the Monte Carlo Tree…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-02 Ziyan An , Xia Wang , Hendrik Baier , Zirong Chen , Abhishek Dubey , Taylor T. Johnson , Jonathan Sprinkle , Ayan Mukhopadhyay , Meiyi Ma

Today's automated vehicles lack the ability to cooperate implicitly with others. This work presents a Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) based approach for decentralized cooperative planning using macro-actions for automated vehicles in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-02-04 Karl Kurzer , Chenyang Zhou , J. Marius Zöllner

Bayes-optimal behavior, while well-defined, is often difficult to achieve. Recent advances in the use of Monte-Carlo tree search (MCTS) have shown that it is possible to act near-optimally in Markov Decision Processes (MDPs) with very large…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2012-02-20 John Asmuth , Michael L. Littman

Many robotic tasks, such as inverse kinematics, motion planning, and optimal control, can be formulated as optimization problems. Solving these problems involves addressing nonlinear kinematics, complex contact dynamics, long-horizon…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Teng Xue , Yan Zhang , Amirreza Razmjoo , Sylvain Calinon