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This is a tutorial aimed at illustrating some recent developments in quantum parameter estimation beyond the Cram\`er-Rao bound, as well as their applications in quantum metrology. Our starting point is the observation that there are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-03-06 Luigi Seveso , Matteo G. A. Paris

Unmeasured confounding, selection bias, and measurement error are well-known sources of bias in epidemiologic research. Methods for assessing these biases have their own limitations. Many quantitative sensitivity analysis approaches…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-08-11 Louisa H. Smith , Maya B. Mathur , Tyler J. VanderWeele

We consider a network of sensors deployed to sense a spatio-temporal field and estimate a parameter of interest. We are interested in the case where the temporal process sensed by each sensor can be modeled as a state-space process that is…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2008-04-12 S. Sundhar Ram , V. V. Veeravalli , A. Nedic

A global network of laser interferometric gravitational wave detectors is projected to be in operation by around the turn of the century. Here, the noisy output of a single instrument is examined. A gravitational wave is assumed to have…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-30 David Nicholson , Alberto Vecchio

A Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) for semi-blind channel estimators in redundant block transmission systems is derived. The derived CRB is valid for any system adopting a full-rank linear redundant precoder, including the popular cyclic-prefixed…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2012-09-20 Yen-Huan Li , Borching Su , Ping-Cheng Yeh

Sensitivity limits are usually determined using the Cram\'er-Rao bound. Recently this approach has been used to obtain the ultimate resolution limit for the estimation of the separation between two incoherent point sources. However, methods…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-22 Giacomo Sorelli , Manuel Gessner , Mattia Walschaers , Nicolas Treps

A generic modular array architecture is proposed, featuring uniform/non-uniform subarray layouts that allows for flexible deployment. The bistatic near-field sensing system is considered, where the target is located in the near-field of the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-31 Chunwei Meng , Dingyou Ma , Xu Chen , Zhiyong Feng , Yuanwei Liu

PAMELA and, more recently, AMS-02, are ushering us into a new era of greatly reduced statistical uncertainties in experimental measurements of cosmic-ray fluxes. In particular, new determinations of traditional diagnostic tools such as the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-07-22 Y. Genolini , A. Putze , P. Salati , P. D. Serpico

The Cram\'er-Rao bound serves as a crucial lower limit for the mean squared error of an estimator in frequentist parameter estimation. Paradoxically, it requires highly accurate prior knowledge of the estimated parameter for constructing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-21 Javier Navarro , Ricard Ravell Rodríguez , Mikel Sanz

In conventional particle beam microscopy, knowledge of the beam current is essential for accurate micrograph formation and sample milling. This generally necessitates offline calibration of the instrument. In this work, we establish that…

Medical Physics · Physics 2026-03-12 Sheila W. Seidel , Luisa Watkins , Minxu Peng , Akshay Agarwal , Christopher Yu , Vivek K Goyal

The timing data of the binary pulsar PSR1913+16, are used to establish an upper limit on the rate of continuous neutrino emission from neutron stars. Neutrino emission from each of the neutron stars of the binary system, increases the star…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2010-09-23 Itzhak Goldman , Shmuel Nussinov

In this paper the problem of assessing bounds on the accuracy of pilot-based estimation of a bandlimited frequency selective communication channel is tackled. Mean square error is taken as a figure of merit in channel estimation and a…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2012-03-14 Francesco Montorsi , Giorgio M. Vitetta

We determine the bound to the maximum achievable sensitivity in the estimation of a scalar parameter from the information contained in an optical image in the presence of quantum noise. This limit, based on the Cramer-Rao bound, is valid…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-08-16 Vincent Delaubert , Nicolas Treps , Claude Fabre , Hans A. Bachor , Philippe Réfrégier

In this paper, we derive the information theoretic performance bounds on communication data rates and errors in parameter estimation, for a joint radar and communication (JRC) system. We assume that targets are semi-passive, i.e. they use…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-07-08 Ganesan Thiagarajan , Sanjeev Gurugopinath

In molecular communication (MC) systems, the \textit{expected} number of molecules observed at the receiver over time after the instantaneous release of molecules by the transmitter is referred to as the channel impulse response (CIR).…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-15 Vahid Jamali , Arman Ahmadzadeh , Christophe Jardin , Heinrich Sticht , Robert Schober

Detailed derivations of two bounds of the minimum mean-square error (MMSE) of complex-valued multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems are proposed for performance evaluation. Particularly, the lower bound is derived based on a…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-11-29 Chongjun Ouyang , Hongwen Yang

In this paper, an approximation recursive formula of the mean-square error lower bound for the discrete-time nonlinear filtering problem when noises of dynamic systems are temporally correlated is derived based on the Van Trees (posterior)…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2015-04-28 Zhiguo Wang , Xiaojing Shen

We derive lower bounds on the Bayes risk in decentralized estimation, where the estimator does not have direct access to the random samples generated conditionally on the random parameter of interest, but only to the data received from…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-07-05 Aolin Xu , Maxim Raginsky

The estimation of parameters in a linear model is considered under the hypothesis that the noise, with finite second order statistics, can be represented in a given deterministic basis by random coefficients. An extended underdetermined…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2014-05-06 Piero Barone , Isabella Lari