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In scenarios where high penetration of renewable energy sources (RES) is connected to the grid over long distances, the output of RES exhibits significant fluctuations, making it difficult to accurately characterize. The intermittency and…

Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) is highly effective for post-training autoregressive (AR) language models, yet its direct application to diffusion large language models (dLLMs) often triggers reward collapse. We identify two…

We study the verification problem of stochastic systems under signal temporal logic (STL) specifications. We propose a novel approach that enables the verification of the probabilistic satisfaction of STL specifications for nonlinear…

In this paper, we consider a class of denial-of-service (DoS) attacks, which aims at overloading the communication channel. On top of the security issue, continuous or periodic transmission of information within feedback loop is necessary…

We present new measures of complexity and their application to event related potential data. The new measures base on structures of recurrence plots and makes the identification of chaos-chaos transitions possible. The application of these…

Pushdown Systems (PDSs) are a natural model for sequential programs with (recursive) procedure calls. In this work, we define the Branching temporal logic of CAlls and RETurns (BCARET) that allows to write branching temporal formulas while…

Reinforcement learning has been central to recent advances in large language model reasoning, but most algorithms rely on on-policy training that demands fresh rollouts at every update, limiting efficiency and scalability. Asynchronous RL…

Many complex time series can be effectively subdivided into distinct regimes that exhibit persistent dynamics. Discovering the switching behavior and the statistical patterns in these regimes is important for understanding the underlying…

Ethereum smart contracts are programs that are deployed and executed in a consensus-based blockchain managed by a peer-to-peer network. Several re-entrancy attacks that aim to steal Ether, the cryptocurrency used in Ethereum, stored in…

One of the main reasons to employ a description logic such as EL or EL++ is the fact that it has efficient, polynomial-time algorithmic properties such as deciding consistency and inferring subsumption. However, simply by adding negation of…

This paper explores the use of the standard approach for proving runtime bounds in discrete domains---often referred to as drift analysis---in the context of optimization on a continuous domain. Using this framework we analyze the (1+1)…

To enhance the interpretability of Reinforcement Learning (RL), we propose Revealing Evolutionary Action Consequence Trajectories (REACT). In contrast to the prevalent practice of validating RL models based on their optimal behavior learned…

Explicit signaling between threads is a perennial cause of bugs in concurrent programs. While there are several run-time techniques to automatically notify threads upon the availability of some shared resource, such techniques are not…

The success of Deepseek-R1 has drawn the LLM community's attention to reinforcement learning (RL) methods like GRPO. However, such rule-based 0/1 outcome reward methods lack the capability to regulate the intermediate reasoning processes…

An equational logic program is a set of directed equations or rules, which are used to compute in the obvious way (by replacing equals with ``simpler'' equals). We present static analysis techniques for efficient equational logic…

Runtime verification is checking whether a system execution satisfies or violates a given correctness property. A procedure that automatically, and typically on the fly, verifies conformance of the system's behavior to the specified…

This article deals with the stability analysis of a drilling system which is modelled as a coupled ordinary differential equation / string equation. The string is damped at the two boundaries but leading to a stable open-loop system. The…

Networks are difficult to configure correctly, and tricky to debug. These problems are accentuated by temporal and stateful behavior. Static verification, while useful, is ineffectual for detecting behavioral deviations induced by hardware…

Automated theorem provers are used in extended static checking, where they are the performance bottleneck. Extended static checkers are run typically after incremental changes to the code. We propose to exploit this usage pattern to improve…

Dynamic real-time optimization (DRTO) is a challenging task due to the fact that optimal operating conditions must be computed in real time. The main bottleneck in the industrial application of DRTO is the presence of uncertainty. Many…