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An important theorem in Gaussian quantum information tells us that we can diagonalise the covariance matrix of any Gaussian state via a symplectic transformation. Whilst the diagonal form is easy to find, the process for finding the…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2021-11-16 Jason L. Pereira , Leonardo Banchi , Stefano Pirandola

text of abstract (We present a utilitarian review of the family of matrix groups $Sp(2n,\Re)$, in a form suited to various applications both in optics and quantum mechanics. We contrast these groups and their geometry with the much more…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-28 Arvind , B. Dutta , N. Mukunda , R. Simon

This is a continuation of the expository article \cite{krp} with some new remarks. Let $S_n$ denote the set of all Gaussian states in the complex Hilbert space $L^2 (\mathbb{R}^n),$ $K_n$ the convex set of all momentum and position…

Probability · Mathematics 2011-01-27 K. R. Parthasarathy

In this article, we derive and discuss the properties of the symplectic group Sp(2), which arises in Hamiltonian dynamics and ray optics. We show that a symplectic matrix can be written as the product of a symmetric dilation matrix and a…

Optics · Physics 2025-08-26 C. J. McKinstrie , M. V. Kozlov

We show that every Gaussian mixed quantum state can be disentangled by conjugation with a metaplectic operator associated with a symplectic rotation. The main tools we use are the Werner-Wolf condition on covariance matrices and the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-05-07 Maurice A. de Gosson

We generalize our earlier work on the symplectic/Hamiltonian formulation of the dynamics of the Gaussian wave packet to non-Gaussian semiclassical wave packets. We find the symplectic forms and asymptotic expansions of the Hamiltonians…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2018-07-04 Tomoki Ohsawa

For every $2n\times 2n$ real positive definite matrix $A,$ there exists a real symplectic matrix $M$ such that $M^TAM=\diag(D,D),$ where $D$ is the $n\times n$ positive diagonal matrix with diagonal entries $d_1(A)\le \cdots\le d_n(A).$ The…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2021-08-25 Tanvi Jain

We show the explicit expression for the covariance matrix of general Gaussian states in terms of the symplectic group matrices. We discuss how the criteria to characterize squeezing and entanglement using the covariance matrix give rise to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-03-31 Angel Garcia-Chung

We provide a new branching rule from the general linear group $GL_{2n}(\mathbb{C})$ to the symplectic group $Sp_{2n}(\mathbb{C})$ by establishing a simple algorithm which gives rise to a bijection from the set of semistandard tableaux of a…

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2025-05-14 Hideya Watanabe

We show that deterministic multimode Gaussian channels admit a symmetric-space description. Passing from the n-mode Siegel disk to a doubled version of that space lets general Gaussian dynamics act by a linear-fractional (Mobius)…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-10 Giacomo Pantaleoni , Nicolas C. Menicucci

If $A$ is a $2n \times 2n$ real positive definite matrix, then there exists a symplectic matrix $M$ such that $M^TAM = \left [ \begin{array}{cc} D & O \\ O & D \end{array} \right ]$ where $D= \diag (d_1 (A), \ldots, d_n(A))$ is a diagonal…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2018-03-21 Rajendra Bhatia , Tanvi Jain

We obtain several analogs of real polar decomposition for even dimensional matrices. In particular, we decompose a non-degenerate matrix as a product of a Hamiltonian and an anti-symplectic matrix and under additional requirements we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-06 A. E. Teretenkov

Williamson's theorem states that if $A$ is a $2n \times 2n$ real symmetric positive definite matrix then there exists a $2n \times 2n$ real symplectic matrix $M$ such that $M^T A M=D \oplus D$, where $D$ is an $n \times n$ diagonal matrix…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2026-04-07 Hemant K. Mishra

We explore the symmetry properties of Stinespring dilations of single-qubit Pauli channels, addressing both the generic case and the specific examples of phase damping and depolarizing channels. For each scenario, we derive the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-21 Marco Cattaneo

Consider a $N\times n$ matrix $\Sigma_n=\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}R_n^{1/2}X_n$, where $R_n$ is a nonnegative definite Hermitian matrix and $X_n$ is a random matrix with i.i.d. real or complex standardized entries. The fluctuations of the linear…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-06-29 Jamal Najim , Jianfeng Yao

The algebra of holomorphic polynomial Sp_{2n}-invariants of k complex 2n by 2n matrices (under diagonal conjugation action) is generated by the traces of words in these matrices and their symplectic adjoints. No concrete minimal generating…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2012-05-10 Dragomir Z. Djokovic

We present a class of symplectic matrices which transform by similarity given $2n\times 2n$ -dimensional matrix into Bunse-Gerstner form. If the given matrix is skew-Hamiltonian, the transformation gives a solution of an antisymmetric…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2007-05-23 J. Stefanovski , K. Trencevski

Within the framework of the probability representation of quantum mechanics, we study a superposition of generic Gaussian states associated to symmetries of a regular polygon of n sides; in other words, the cyclic groups (containing the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-16 Julio A. López-Saldívar , Vladimir I. Man'ko , Margarita A. Man'ko

A multi-input multi-output (MIMO) Gaussian channel with two transmit antennas and two receive antennas is studied that is subject to an input peak-power constraint. The capacity and the capacity-achieving input distribution are unknown in…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-01-31 Alex Dytso , Luca Barletta , Gerhard Kramer

We provide a family of representations of GL(2n) over a p-adic field that admit a non-vanishing linear functional invariant under the symplectic group (i.e. representations that are Sp(2n)- distinguished). While our result generalizes a…

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2008-06-26 Omer Offen , Eitan Sayag
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