Related papers: Applying Quantum Principles to Psychology
Experiments in cognitive science and decision theory show that the ways in which people combine concepts and make decisions cannot be described by classical logic and probability theory. This has serious implications for applied disciplines…
To begin with, it is pointed out that the form of the quantum probabil- ity formula originates in the very initial state of the object system as seen when the state is expanded with the eigen-projectors of the measured ob- servable. Making…
We develop the contextual measurement model (CMM) which is used for clarification of the quantum foundations. This model matches with Bohr's views on the role of experimental contexts. CMM is based on contextual probability theory which is…
In this paper, epistemology and ontology of quantum states are discussed based on a completely new way of founding quantum theory. The fundamental notions are conceptual variables in the mind of an observer or in the joint minds of a group…
We analyze quantum state estimation for finite samples based on symmetry information. The used measurement concept compares an unknown qubit to a reference state. We describe explicitly an adaptive strategy, that enhances the estimation…
Quantum computation offers a promising new kind of information processing, where the non-classical features of quantum mechanics can be harnessed and exploited. A number of models of quantum computation exist, including the now well-studied…
In this paper we attempt to analyze the concept of quantum probability within quantum computation and quantum computational logic. While the subjectivist interpretation of quantum probability explains it as a reliable predictive tool for an…
Quantum-enhanced measurements exploit quantum mechanical effects for increasing the sensitivity of measurements of certain physical parameters and have great potential for both fundamental science and concrete applications. Most of the…
The representation of measurements by positive operator valued measures and the description of the most general state transformations by means of completely positive maps are two basic concepts of quantum information theory. These concepts…
Despite our familiarity with and fondness of humor, until relatively recently very little was known about the underlying psychology of this complex and nuanced phenomenon. Recently, however, cognitive psychologists have begun investigating…
We use a novel form of quantum conditional probability to define new measures of quantum information in a dynamical context. We explore relationships between our new quantities and standard measures of quantum information, such as von…
We discuss single adaptive measurements for the estimation of mixed quantum states of qubits. The results are compared to the optimal estimation schemes using collective measurements. We also demonstrate that the advantage of collective…
The important problem of how to prepare a quantum mechanical system, $S$, in a specific initial state of interest - e.g., for the purposes of some experiment - is addressed. Three distinct methods of state preparation are described. One of…
It has been suggested, on the one hand, that quantum states are just states of knowledge; and, on the other, that quantum theory is merely a theory of correlations. These suggestions are confronted with problems about the nature of…
It is proposed to define "quantumness" of a system (micro or macroscopic, physical, biological, social, political) by starting with understanding that quantum mechanics is a statistical theory. It says us only about probability…
On the surface, behavioural science and physics seem to be two disparate fields of research. However, a closer examination of problems solved by them reveals that they are uniquely related to one another. Exemplified by the theories of…
The quantum prepare-and-measure scenario has been studied under various physical assumptions on the emitted states. Here, we first discuss how different assumptions are conceptually and formally related. We then identify one that can serve…
Quantum cognition emerged as an important discipline of mathematical psychology during the last two decades. Using abstract analogies between mental phenomena and the formal framework of physical quantum theory, quantum cognition…
For many-particle systems, quantum information in base n can be defined by partitioning the set of states according to the outcomes of n-ary (joint) observables. Thereby, k particles can carry k nits. With regards to the randomness of…
The formalism of quantum theory in Hilbert space has been applied with success to the modeling and explanation of several cognitive phenomena, whereas traditional cognitive approaches were problematical. However, this 'quantum cognition…