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The performance of quantum error correction can be significantly improved if detailed information about the noise is available, allowing to optimize both codes and decoders. It has been proposed to estimate error rates from the syndrome…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-21 Thomas Wagner , Hermann Kampermann , Dagmar Bruß , Martin Kliesch

It has recently been shown that there are efficient algorithms for quantum computers to solve certain problems, such as prime factorization, which are intractable to date on classical computers. The chances for practical implementation,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-30 Adriano Barenco , Todd A. Brun , Ruediger Schack , Tim Spiller

With the rapid developments in quantum hardware comes a push towards the first practical applications on these devices. While fully fault-tolerant quantum computers may still be years away, one may ask if there exist intermediate forms of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-02-19 Jarrod R. McClean , Zhang Jiang , Nicholas C. Rubin , Ryan Babbush , Hartmut Neven

We introduce a convergent iterative algorithm for finding the optimal coding and decoding operations for an arbitrary noisy quantum channel. This algorithm does not require any error syndrome to be corrected completely, and hence also finds…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-07-26 M. Reimpell , R. F. Werner

In this work we improve the quantum communication rates of various quantum channels of interest using permutation-invariant quantum codes. We focus in particular on parametrized families of quantum channels and aim to improve bounds on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-14 Sujeet Bhalerao , Felix Leditzky

Quantum error correction protects quantum information against environmental noise. When using qubits, a measure of quality of a code is the maximum number of errors that it is able to correct. We show that a suitable notion of ``number of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Emanuel Knill , Raymond Laflamme , Lorenza Viola

This paper investigates properties of noisy quantum information channels. We define a new quantity called {\em coherent information} which measures the amount of quantum information conveyed in the noisy channel. This quantity can never be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-30 Benjamin Schumacher , M. A. Nielsen

Quantum error correction protocols have been developed to offset the high sensitivity to noise inherent in quantum systems. However, much is still unknown about the behaviour of a quantum error-correcting code under general noise, including…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-09 Stefanie J. Beale , Joel J. Wallman

Quantum error correction is a set of methods to protect quantum information--that is, quantum states--from unwanted environmental interactions (decoherence) and other forms of noise. The information is stored in a quantum error-correcting…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-01 Todd A. Brun

Quantum error correction (QEC) is essential for scalable quantum computing. However, it requires classical decoders that are fast and accurate enough to keep pace with quantum hardware. While quantum low-density parity-check codes have…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-10 Andi Gu , J. Pablo Bonilla Ataides , Mikhail D. Lukin , Susanne F. Yelin

Recent work on approximate quantum error correction (QEC) has opened up the possibility of constructing subspace codes that protect information with high fidelity in scenarios where perfect error correction is impossible. Motivated by this,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-07-31 Prabha Mandayam , Hui Khoon Ng

Precise quantum expectation values are crucial for quantum algorithm development, but noise in real-world systems can degrade these estimations. While quantum error correction is resource-intensive, error mitigation strategies offer a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-31 Touheed Anwar Atif , Reuben Blake Tate , Stephan Eidenbenz

Operator quantum error correction provides a unified framework for the known techniques of quantum error correction such as the standard error correction model, the method of decoherence-free subspaces, and the noiseless subsystem method.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-04-25 Ri Qu , Bing-jian Shang , Yan-ru Bao , Yi-ping Ma

The concept of multiple particle interference is discussed, using insights provided by the classical theory of error correcting codes. This leads to a discussion of error correction in a quantum communication channel or a quantum computer.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-30 Andrew Steane

Quantum multiparameter estimation involves estimating multiple parameters simultaneously and can be more precise than estimating them individually. Our interest here is to determine fundamental quantum limits to the achievable…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-03-26 Shibdas Roy

A significant problem for current quantum computers is noise. While there are many distinct noise channels, the depolarizing noise model often appropriately describes average noise for large circuits involving many qubits and gates. We…

Quantum error correction will likely be essential for building a large-scale quantum computer, but it comes with significant requirements at the level of classical control software. In particular, a quantum error-correcting code must be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-24 Ewan Murphy , Subhayan Sahu , Michael Vasmer

Noise is an important factor that influences the reliability of information acquisition, transmission, processing, and storage. In order to suppress the inevitable noise effects, a fault-tolerant information processing approach via quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-27 Qi Song , Hongjing Li , Chengxi Yu , Jingzheng Huang , Ding Wang , Peng Huang , Guihua Zeng

In this paper, we address the problem of state communication in finite-level quantum systems through noise-affected channels. Our approach is based on a self-consistent theory of decoding inner products associated with the code and error…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-06 Jorge R. Bolaños-Servín , Yuriko Pitones , Josué I. Rios-Cangas

Encoding schemes and error-correcting codes are widely used in information technology to improve the reliability of data transmission over real-world communication channels. Quantum information protocols can further enhance the performance…