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We propose a modification to the Cohen--Lenstra prediction for the distribution of class groups of number fields, which should also apply when the base field contains non-trivial roots of unity. The underlying heuristic derives from the…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2014-04-10 Michael Adam , Gunter Malle

The Cohen-Lenstra heuristic predicts the distribution of ideal class groups over number fields. Random matrix models provide a natural framework for explaining this heuristic, and recent results demonstrate the effectiveness of these tools.…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-07-08 Yue Xu , Xiuwu Zhu

We propose a modification of the predictions of the Cohen--Lenstra heuristic for class groups of number fields in the case where roots of unity are present in the base field. As evidence for this modified formula we provide a large set of…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2015-05-14 Gunter Malle

The Cohen-Lenstra-Martinet Heuristics gives a prediction of the distribution of $\operatorname{Cl}_K[p^\infty]$ whne $K$ runs over $\Gamma$-fields and $p\nmid|\Gamma|$. In this paper, we prove several results on the distribution of ideal…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-02-18 Weitong Wang

The goal of this paper is to prove theorems that elucidate the Cohen-Lenstra-Martinet conjectures for the distributions of class groups of number fields, and further the understanding of their implications. We start by giving a simpler…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2020-02-18 Weitong Wang , Melanie Matchett Wood

The main aim of the present paper is to disprove the Cohen--Lenstra--Martinet heuristics in two different ways and to offer possible corrections. We also recast the heuristics in terms of Arakelov class groups, giving an explanation for the…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2020-06-16 Alex Bartel , Hendrik W. Lenstra

We formulate a model for the average behaviour of ray class groups of real quadratic fields with respect to a fixed rational modulus, locally at a finite set $S$ of odd primes. To that end, we introduce Arakelov ray class groups of a number…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-09-25 Alex Bartel , Carlo Pagano

We study the asymptotics conjecture of Malle for dihedral groups $D_\ell$ of order $2\ell$, where $\ell$ is an odd prime. We prove the expected lower bound for those groups. For the upper bounds we show that there is a connection to class…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Jürgen Klüners

In this paper we give a conjecture for the average number of unramified $G$-extensions of a quadratic field for any finite group $G$. The Cohen-Lenstra heuristics are the specialization of our conjecture to the case that $G$ is abelian of…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2019-03-20 Melanie Matchett Wood , Philip Matchett Wood

The Cohen-Lenstra heuristic is a universal principle that assigns to each group a probability that tells how often this group should occur "in nature". The most important, but not the only, applications are sequences of class groups, which…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2010-05-03 Johannes Lengler

Let $L/K$ be a quadratic extension of global fields. We study Cohen-Lenstra heuristics for the $\ell$-part of the relative class group $G_{L/K} := \textrm{Cl}(L/K)$ when $K$ contains $\ell^n$th roots of unity. While the moments of a…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2020-07-27 Michael Lipnowski , Will Sawin , Jacob Tsimerman

We generalize the Cohen-Lenstra heuristics over function fields to \'{e}tale group schemes $G$ (with the classical case of abelian groups corresponding to constant group schemes). By using the results of Ellenberg-Venkatesh-Westerland, we…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2019-03-27 Michael Lipnowski , Jacob Tsimerman

Let g be a random element of a finite classical group G, and let \lambda_{z-1}(g) denote the partition corresponding to the polynomial z-1 in the rational canonical form of g. As the rank of G tends to infinity, \lambda_{z-1}(g) tends to a…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2013-07-04 Jason Fulman

Cohen, Lenstra, and Martinet have given conjectures for the distribution of class groups of extensions of number fields, but Achter and Malle have given theoretical and numerical evidence that these conjectures are wrong regarding the Sylow…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2024-02-22 Will Sawin , Melanie Matchett Wood

The main purpose of the paper is to formulate a probabilistic model for Arakelov class groups in families of number fields, offering a correction to the Cohen--Lenstra--Martinet heuristic on ideal class groups. To that end, we show that…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2024-03-28 Alex Bartel , Henri Johnston , Hendrik W. Lenstra

Let $(R, \mathfrak{m})$ be a complete discrete valuation ring with the finite residue field $R/\mathfrak{m} = \mathbb{F}_{q}$. Given a monic polynomial $P(t) \in R[t]$ whose reduction modulo $\mathfrak{m}$ gives an irreducible polynomial…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2019-09-05 Gilyoung Cheong , Yifeng Huang

We investigate combinatorial properties of a family of probability distributions on finite abelian p-groups. This family includes several well-known distributions as specializations. These specializations have been studied in the context of…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2022-01-25 Jason Fulman , Nathan Kaplan

We prove that given any $\epsilon>0$, random integral $n\times n$ matrices with independent entries that lie in any residue class modulo a prime with probability at most $1-\epsilon$ have cokernels asymptotically (as $n\rightarrow\infty$)…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2015-04-20 Melanie Matchett Wood

For a finite abelian 2-group $G$, we study the frequency with which quadratic imaginary number fields $K$ have 2-part of their class group $K$ isomorphic to $G$. A philosophy enunciated by Gerth extends the Cohen-Lenstra heuristics for…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2019-02-05 Nathan Jones , Cam McLeman

In number theory, great efforts have been undertaken to study the Cohen-Lenstra probability measure on the set of all finite abelian $p$-groups. On the other hand, group theorists have studied a probability measure on the set of all…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2009-12-31 Johannes Lengler
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