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Supermassive black hole (SMBH) masses can be measured by resolving the dynamical influences of the SMBHs on spatially-resolved tracers of the central potentials. Modern long-baseline interferometers have enabled the use of molecular gas as…

Supermassive black holes (SMBHs) with dynamically measured masses have shown empirical correlations with host galaxy properties. These correlations are often the only method available to estimate SMBH masses and gather statistics for large…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-06-11 Maggie C. Huber , Joseph Simon , Julia M. Comerford

The present-day mass function of supermassive black holes is the most important observable quantity for the prediction and theoretical interpretation of the gravitational wave background (GWB) measured by pulsar timing arrays (PTAs). Due to…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-09-11 Gabriela Sato-Polito , Matias Zaldarriaga

The determination of supermassive black hole (SMBH) masses is the key to understanding the host galaxy build-up and the SMBH mass assembly histories. The SMBH masses of non-local quasars are frequently estimated via the single-epoch virial…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-03-29 Mouyuan Sun

We investigate the abundance of Super-Massive Black Hole (SMBH) seeds in primordial galaxy halos. We explore the assumption that dark matter halos outgrowing a critical halo mass M_c have some probability p of having spawned a SMBH seed.…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2019-04-03 Johannes Buchner , Ezequiel Treister , Franz E. Bauer , Lia F. Sartori , Kevin Schawinski

This paper presents an analysis of the correlation between the number of globular clusters (N_GC) in giant galaxies and the mass of the galaxies' central supermassive black hole (M_SMBH). I construct a sample of 20 elliptical, spiral, and…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-11 Katherine L. Rhode

The local black hole mass function (BHMF) is of great interest to a variety of astrophysical problems, ranging from black hole binary merger rates to an indirect census of the dominant seeding mechanism of supermassive black holes. In this…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-10-02 Elena Gallo , Alberto Sesana

In our first paper, we performed a detailed (i.e. bulge, disks, bars, spiral arms, rings, halo, nucleus, etc.) decomposition of 66 galaxies, with directly measured black hole masses, $M_{BH}$, that had been imaged at $3.6~\mu m$ with…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2016-01-27 Giulia A. D. Savorgnan , Alister W. Graham , Alessandro Marconi , Eleonora Sani

We analyzed images of every northern hemisphere Sd galaxy listed in the Third Reference Catalogue of Bright Galaxies (RC3) with a relatively face-on inclination ($\theta\leq30{\deg}$). Specifically, we measured the spiral arms' winding…

Empirical correlations between the masses of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) and properties of their host galaxies are well-established. Among these is the correlation with the flat rotation velocity of each galaxy measured either at a…

We use rotation curve kinematics of 1000 spiral galaxies to investigate if these galaxies could host BH (Black Hole) remnants that once powered the QSO phenomenon. The rotation curves of both early and late-type spirals are used to place…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 Paolo Salucci , Charu Ratnam , Pierluigi Monaco , Luigi Danese

There exists a well known relation between the mass of the supermassive black hole (SMBH) in the center of galaxies and their bulge mass or central velocity dispersion. This suggests a co-evolution between SMBH and their galaxy hosts. Our…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-04-19 R. Poitevineau , G. Castignani , F. Combes

The largest observed supermassive black holes (SMBHs) have a mass of M_BH ~ 10^{10} M_sun, nearly independent of redshift, from the local (z~0) to the early (z>6) Universe. We suggest that the growth of SMBHs above a few 10^{10} M_sun is…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2016-09-21 Kohei Inayoshi , Zoltan Haiman

We present an estimate of the mass of the supermassive black hole (SMBH) in the nearby type-1 Seyfert galaxy \object{NGC 1097} using Atacamma Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array (ALMA) observations of dense gas kinematics. Dense molecular…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-06-22 Kyoko Onishi , Satoru Iguchi , Kartik Sheth , Kotaro Kohno

Using results from structural analysis of a sample of nearly 1000 local galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, we estimate how the mass in central black holes is distributed amongst elliptical galaxies, classical bulges and…

Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-13 Dimitri A. Gadotti , Guinevere Kauffmann

We investigate the correlation between the supermassive black holes (SMBHs) mass ($M_{\rm bh}$) and the stellar velocity dispersion ($\sigma_*$) in two types of host galaxies: the early-type bulges (disk galaxies with classical bulges or…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Jian Hu

Supermassive black holes (SMBHs) and their host galaxies are generally thought to coevolve, so that the SMBH achieves up to about 0.2 to 0.5% of the host galaxy mass in the present day. The radiation emitted from the growing SMBH is…

A potential mechanism is proposed to account for the fact that supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in disk galaxies appear to be smaller than those in elliptical galaxies in the same luminosity range. We consider the formation of SMBHs by…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 Nozomu Kawakatu , Masayuki Umemura

We present results from a study to determine whether relations, established in the local Universe, between the mass of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) and their host galaxies are in place at higher redshifts. We establish a…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-12 Malte Schramm , John D. Silverman

Understanding the co-evolution between supermassive black holes (SMBHs) and their host galaxies provides crucial insights into SMBH formation and galaxy assembly in these cosmic ecosystems. However, measuring this co-evolution, as traced by…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-02-10 Junyao Li , Yue Shen , Ming-Yang Zhuang