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We prove that asymptotic global consensus is always reached in the Hegselmann-Krause model with finite speed of information propagation $\mathfrak{c}>0$ under minimal (i.e., necessary) assumptions on the influence function. In particular,…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2023-03-14 Jan Haskovec , Mauro Rodriguez Cartabia

In this paper, we consider two multi-dimensional Hagselmann-Krause (HK) models for opinion dynamics. The two models describe how individuals adjust their opinions on multiple topics, based on the influence of their peers. The models differ…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-04-20 Giulia De Pasquale , Maria Elena Valcher

We study a continuous-time version of the Hegselmann-Krause model describing the opinion dynamics of interacting agents subject to random perturbations. Mathematically speaking, the opinion of agents is modelled by an interacting particle…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-11-25 Li Chen , Paul Nikolaev , David J. Prömel

This paper introduces a heterogeneous multidimensional bounded confidence (BC) opinion dynamics with random pairwise interactions, whereby each pair of agents accesses each other's opinions with a specific probability. This revised model is…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-12-05 Jiangjiang Cheng , Ge Chen , Wenjun Mei , Francesco Bullo

A compromise process describes the evolution of opinions through binary interactions. Opinions are real numbers, and at each step, two randomly selected agents reach a compromise by averaging their pre-interaction opinions. We prove that if…

Physics and Society · Physics 2026-01-23 P. L. Krapivsky , A. Yu. Plakhov

Recently, significant attention has been dedicated to the models of opinion dynamics in which opinions are described by real numbers, and agents update their opinions synchronously by averaging their neighbors' opinions. The neighbors of…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2011-04-08 Anahita Mirtabatabaei , Francesco Bullo

We perform a detailed study of the Hegselmann-Krause bounded confidence opinion dynamics model with heterogeneous confidence $\varepsilon_i$ drawn from uniform distributions in different intervals $[\varepsilon_l, \varepsilon_u]$. The phase…

Physics and Society · Physics 2020-05-22 Hendrik Schawe , Laura Hernández

The Hegselmann-Krause (HK) model is a wellknown opinion dynamics, attracting a significant amount of interest from a number of fields. However, the heterogeneous HK model is difficult to analyze - even the most basic property of convergence…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-12-24 Ge Chen , Wei Su , Songyuan Ding , Yiguang Hong

Socio-psychological studies have identified a common phenomenon where an individual's public actions do not necessarily coincide with their private opinions, yet most existing models fail to capture the dynamic interplay between these two…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Chen Song , Vladimir Cvetkovic , Rong Su

The mixed Hegselmann-Krause (HK) model consists of a finite number of agents characterized by their opinion, a vector in $\mathbf{R^d}$. For the deterministic case, each agent updates its opinion by the rule: decide its degree of…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2023-01-31 Hsin-Lun Li

The Hegselmann-Krause (HK) model allows one to characterize the continuous change of agents' opinions with the bounded confidence threshold $\varepsilon$. To consider the heterogeneity of agents in characteristics, we study the HK model on…

Physics and Society · Physics 2021-02-05 Yueying Zhu , Jian Jiang , Wei Li

We give an elementary proof of a conjecture by Hegselmann and Krause in opinion dynamics, concerning a symmetric bounded confidence interval model: If there is a truth and all individuals take each other seriously by a positive amount…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2014-01-20 Sascha Kurz , Jörg Rambau

The original Hegselmann-Krause (HK) model consists of a set of~$n$ agents that are characterized by their opinion, a number in~$[0, 1]$. Each agent, say agent~$i$, updates its opinion~$x_i$ by taking the average opinion of all its…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2023-01-25 Hsin-Lun Li

We study the Hegselmann-Krause model of opinion dynamics on sparse, unbiased networks generated via Wilson's algorithm, unveiling how network connectivity and confidence bounds jointly determine collective behavior. By systematically…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-07-22 Paolo Molignini

Models of continuous opinion dynamics under bounded confidence have been presented independently by Krause and Hegselmann and by Deffuant et al in 2000. They have raised a fair amount of attention in the communities of social simulation,…

Physics and Society · Physics 2008-03-06 Jan Lorenz

We present two models of continuous opinion dynamics under bounded confidence which are representable as nonnegative discrete dynamical systems, namely the Hegselmann-Krause model (Hegselmann and Krause, Journal of Artificial Societies and…

Physics and Society · Physics 2008-06-11 Jan Lorenz

Often in the setting of human-based interactions, the existence of a temporal hierarchy of information plays an important role in diffusion and opinion dynamics within communities. For example at the individual agent level, more recently…

Physics and Society · Physics 2021-01-27 Daniel Feinstein , Ebrahim Patel

In opinion dynamics, how to model the enduring fragmentation phenomenon (disagreement, cleavage, and polarization) of social opinions has long possessed a central position. It is widely known that the confidence-based opinion dynamics…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-12-13 Wei Su , Jin Guo , Xianzhong Chen , Ge Chen

We analyze Hegselmann-Krause opinion formation models with leadership in presence of time delay effects. In particular, we consider a model with pointwise time variable time delay and a model with a distributed delay. In both cases we show…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-08-30 Alessandro Paolucci , Cristina Pignotti

This article contributes in four ways to the research on time-discrete continuous opinion dynamics with compromising agents. First, communication regimes are introduced as an elementary concept of opinion dynamic models. Second, we develop…

Physics and Society · Physics 2007-08-27 Diemo Urbig , Jan Lorenz