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Imperfect measurement can degrade a quantum error correction scheme. A solution that restores fault tolerance is to add redundancy to the process of syndrome extraction. In this work, we show how to optimize this process for an arbitrary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-07-12 Vickram N. Premakumar , Hele Sha , Daniel Crow , Eric Bach , Robert Joynt

The theory of stabilizer quantum error correction allows us to actively stabilize quantum states and simulate ideal quantum operations in a noisy environment. It is critical is to correctly diagnose noise from its syndrome and nullify it…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-12-03 Yuichiro Fujiwara

Reliable and well-characterized quantum resources are indispensable ingredients in quantum information processing. Typically, in a realistic characterization of these resources, apparatuses come with intrinsic uncertainties that can…

Accurate methods of assessing the performance of quantum gates are extremely important. Quantum process tomography and randomized benchmarking are the current favored methods. Quantum process tomography gives detailed information, but…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-05-08 Austin G. Fowler , D. Sank , J. Kelly , R. Barends , John M. Martinis

The states needed in a quantum computation are extremely affected by decoherence. Several methods have been proposed to control error spreading. They use two main tools: fault-tolerant constructions and concatenated quantum error correcting…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Pedro J. Salas , Angel L. Sanz

Benchmarking physical devices and verifying logical algorithms are important tasks for scalable fault-tolerant quantum computing. Numerous protocols exist for benchmarking devices before running actual algorithms. In this work, we show that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-05 Xiao Xiao , Dominik Hangleiter , Dolev Bluvstein , Mikhail D. Lukin , Michael J. Gullans

As quantum computing matures and moves toward broader accessibility through cloud-based platforms, ensuring the authenticity and integrity of quantum computations becomes an urgent concern. In this work, we propose a strategy to leverage…

Estimation of quantum states and measurements is crucial for the implementation of quantum information protocols. The standard method for each is quantum tomography. However, quantum tomography suffers from systematic errors caused by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-10-19 Adam C. Keith , Charles H. Baldwin , Scott Glancy , E. Knill

Fault-tolerant schemes can use error correction to make a quantum computation arbitrarily ac- curate, provided that errors per physical component are smaller than a certain threshold and in- dependent of the computer size. However in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-24 Marco Fellous-Asiani , Jing Hao Chai , Robert S. Whitney , Alexia Auffèves , Hui Khoon Ng

Threshold theorems for fault-tolerant quantum computing assume that errors are of certain types. But how would one detect whether errors of the "wrong" type occur in one's experiment, especially if one does not even know what type of error…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-16 Lucia Schwarz , Steven van Enk

We propose to use neural networks to estimate the rates of coherent and incoherent processes in quantum systems from continuous measurement records. In particular, we adapt an image recognition algorithm to recognize the patterns in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-11-15 Eliska Greplova , Christian Kraglund Andersen , Klaus Mølmer

Quantum error-correcting codes so far proposed have not worked in the presence of noise which introduces more than one bit of entropy per qubit sent through a quantum channel, nor can any code which identifies the complete error syndrome.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-02-03 Peter W. Shor , John A. Smolin

The errors that arise in a quantum channel can be corrected perfectly if and only if the channel does not decrease the coherent information of the input state. We show that, if the loss of coherent information is small, then approximate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Benjamin Schumacher , Michael D. Westmoreland

The characterization of quantum devices is crucial for their practical implementation but can be costly in experimental effort and classical postprocessing. Therefore, it is desirable to measure only the information that is relevant for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-26 Thomas Wagner , Hermann Kampermann , Dagmar Bruß , Martin Kliesch

We investigate the stability of logical information in quantum stabilizer codes subject to coherent unitary errors. Beginning with a logical state, we apply a random unitary error channel and subsequently measure stabilizer checks,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-10 Hanchen Liu , Xiao Chen

Quantum filtering is a signal processing technique that estimates the posterior state of a quantum system under continuous measurements and has become a standard tool in quantum information processing, with applications in quantum state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-08-19 Mankei Tsang

The main ideas of quantum error correction are introduced. These are encoding, extraction of syndromes, error operators, and code construction. It is shown that general noise and relaxation of a set of 2-state quantum systems can always be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 A. M. Steane

We optimize fault-tolerant quantum error correction to reduce the number of syndrome bit measurements. Speeding up error correction will also speed up an encoded quantum computation, and should reduce its effective error rate. We give both…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-08-13 Nicolas Delfosse , Ben W. Reichardt

Quantum tomography makes it possible to obtain comprehensive information about certain logical elements of a quantum computer. In this regard, it is a promising tool for debugging quantum computers. The practical application of tomography,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-12-23 B. I. Bantysh , Yu. I. Bogdanov

Measurements are central in all quantitative sciences, and a fundamental challenge is to make observations without systematic measurement errors. This holds in particular for quantum information processing, where other error sources, such…