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Limit order books (LOBs) match buyers and sellers in more than half of the world's financial markets. This survey highlights the insights that have emerged from the wealth of empirical and theoretical studies of LOBs. We examine the…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2015-03-17 Martin D. Gould , Mason A. Porter , Stacy Williams , Mark McDonald , Daniel J. Fenn , Sam D. Howison

The distribution of liquidity within the limit order book is essential for the impact of market orders on the stock price and the emergence of price shocks. Limit orders are characterized by stylized facts: The number of inserted limit…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2022-10-25 Sebastian M. Krause , Edgar Jungblut , Thomas Guhr

We analyze a tractable model of a limit order book on short time scales, where the dynamics are driven by stochastic fluctuations between supply and demand. We establish the existence of a limiting distribution for the highest bid, and for…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2017-03-24 Frank Kelly , Elena Yudovina

In the present work we introduce a novel multi-agent model with the aim to reproduce the dynamics of a double auction market at microscopic time scale through a faithful simulation of the matching mechanics in the limit order book. The…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2015-05-18 Marco Bartolozzi

We study the dynamics of the limit order book of liquid stocks after experiencing large intra-day price changes. In the data we find large variations in several microscopical measures, e.g., the volatility the bid-ask spread, the bid-ask…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2009-10-26 Bence Toth , Janos Kertesz , J. Doyne Farmer

Modern financial exchanges use an electronic limit order book (LOB) to store bid and ask orders for a specific financial asset. As the most fine-grained information depicting the demand and supply of an asset, LOB data is essential in…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2023-03-02 Zijian Shi , John Cartlidge

We build an agent-based model for the order book with three types of market participants: informed trader, noise trader and competitive market makers. Using a Glosten-Milgrom like approach, we are able to deduce the whole limit order book…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2025-04-01 Weibing Huang , Sergio Pulido , Mathieu Rosenbaum , Pamela Saliba , Emmanouil Sfendourakis

Limit order book (LOB) is a dynamic, event-driven system that records real-time market demand and supply for a financial asset in a stream flow. Event stream prediction in LOB refers to forecasting both the timing and the type of events.…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2024-12-16 Zetao Zheng , Guoan Li , Deqiang Ouyang , Decui Liang , Jie Shao

Statistical properties of an order book and the effect they have on price dynamics were studied using the high-frequency NASDAQ Level II data. It was observed that the size distribution of marketable orders (transaction sizes) has power law…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-07 Sergei Maslov , Mark Mills

We provide an explicit characterization of the optimal market making strategy in a discrete-time Limit Order Book (LOB). In our model, the number of filled orders during each period depends linearly on the distance between the fundamental…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2021-01-11 Agostino Capponi , José E. Figueroa-López , Chuyi Yu

In this paper, we establish a fluid limit for a two--sided Markov order book model. Our main result states that in a certain asymptotic regime, a pair of measure-valued processes representing the "sell-side shape" and "buy-side shape" of an…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2016-02-25 Xuefeng Gao , S. J. Deng

R. Cont and A. de Larrard (SIAM J. Finan. Math, 2013) introduced a tractable stochastic model for the dynamics of a limit order book, computing various quantities of interest such as the probability of a price increase or the diffusion…

Mathematical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2016-01-11 Anatoliy Swishchuk , Nelson Vadori

The limit order book (LOB) depicts the fine-grained demand and supply relationship for financial assets and is widely used in market microstructure studies. Nevertheless, the availability and high cost of LOB data restrict its wider…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2021-07-02 Zijian Shi , John Cartlidge

We propose a static equilibrium model for limit order book where profit-maximizing investors receive an information signal regarding the liquidation value of the asset and execute via a competitive dealer with random initial inventory, who…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2020-03-11 Umut Çetin , Henri Waelbroeck

In financial markets, the order flow, defined as the process assuming value one for buy market orders and minus one for sell market orders, displays a very slowly decaying autocorrelation function. Since orders impact prices, reconciling…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2015-06-19 Damian Eduardo Taranto , Giacomo Bormetti , Fabrizio Lillo

A micro-scale model is proposed for the evolution of the limit order book. Within this model, the flows of orders (claims) are described by doubly stochastic Poisson processes taking account of the stochastic character of intensities of bid…

Probability · Mathematics 2014-12-09 V. Yu. Korolev , A. V. Chertok , A. Yu. Korchagin , A. I. Zeifman

We consider optimal execution strategies for block market orders placed in a limit order book (LOB). We build on the resilience model proposed by Obizhaeva and Wang (2005) but allow for a general shape of the LOB defined via a given density…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2010-02-03 Aurélien Alfonsi , Antje Fruth , Alexander Schied

In financial markets, liquidity is not constant over time but exhibits strong seasonal patterns. In this article we consider a limit order book model that allows for time-dependent, deterministic depth and resilience of the book and…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2011-09-14 Antje Fruth , Torsten Schoeneborn , Mikhail Urusov

Introducing an algebraic framework for modeling limit order books (LOBs) with tools from physics and stochastic processes, our proposed framework captures the creation and annihilation of orders, order matching, and the time evolution of…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2024-06-10 Johannes Bleher , Michael Bleher

We present a simple dynamic equilibrium model for an online exchange where both buyers and sellers arrive according to a exogenously defined stochastic process. The structure of this exchange is motivated by the limit order book mechanism…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2008-12-02 Garud Iyengar , Anuj Kumar