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Causal probing aims to analyze foundation models by examining how intervening on their representation of various latent properties impacts their outputs. Recent works have cast doubt on the theoretical basis of several leading causal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Marc Canby , Adam Davies , Chirag Rastogi , Julia Hockenmaier

Recently, the separated fragment (SF) has been introduced and proved to be decidable. Its defining principle is that universally and existentially quantified variables may not occur together in atoms. The known upper bound on the time…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2017-04-10 Marco Voigt

Rice's theorem shows that nontrivial extensional properties of partial recursive functions are undecidable. For finite weighted Boolean optimization/CSP-style slices, a Rice-style structural analogue holds for tractability classification:…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Tristan Simas

The CSP of a first-order theory $T$ is the problem of deciding for a given finite set $S$ of atomic formulas whether $T \cup S$ is satisfiable. Let $T_1$ and $T_2$ be two theories with countably infinite models and disjoint signatures.…

Logic · Mathematics 2023-06-22 Manuel Bodirsky , Johannes Greiner

We consider the new extension of population protocols with unordered data and show that the corresponding well-specification problem and therefore also other verification problems are undecidable.

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-05-18 Roland Guttenberg

Two types of explanations have been receiving increased attention in the literature when analyzing the decisions made by classifiers. The first type explains why a decision was made and is known as a sufficient reason for the decision, also…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-07-25 Chunxi Ji , Adnan Darwiche

We investigate replicable learning algorithms. Ideally, we would like to design algorithms that output the same canonical model over multiple runs, even when different runs observe a different set of samples from the unknown data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-06 Peter Dixon , A. Pavan , Jason Vander Woude , N. V. Vinodchandran

For two causal structures with the same set of visible variables, one is said to observationally dominate the other if the set of distributions over the visible variables realizable by the first contains the set of distributions over the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-02-24 Marina Maciel Ansanelli , Elie Wolfe , Robert W. Spekkens

We study the properties of the constructive linear programing problems. The parameters of linear functions in such problems are constructive real numbers. To solve such a problem is to find the optimal plan with the constructive real number…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-04-24 Viktor Chernov , Vladimir Chernov

We systematically investigate the complexity of model checking the existential positive fragment of first-order logic. In particular, for a set of existential positive sentences, we consider model checking where the sentence is restricted…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-03-20 Hubie Chen

Motivated by the quest for a logic for PTIME and recent insights that the descriptive complexity of problems from linear algebra is a crucial aspect of this problem, we study the solvability of linear equation systems over finite groups and…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-07-01 Anuj Dawar , Eryk Kopczynski , Bjarki Holm , Erich Grädel , Wied Pakusa

We extend Robust Optimization to fractional programming, where both the objective and the constraints contain uncertain parameters. Earlier work did not consider uncertainty in both the objective and the constraints, or did not use Robust…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2015-08-21 Bram L. Gorissen

The $P$ versus $NP$ problem is still unsolved. But there are several oracles with $P$ unequal $NP$ relative to them. Here we will prove, that $P\not=NP$ relative to a $P$-complete oracle. In this paper, we use padding arguments as the proof…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2023-05-04 Reiner Czerwinski

In the interleaving model of concurrency, where events are totally ordered, linearizability is compositional: the composition of two linearizable objects is guaranteed to be linearizable. However, linearizability is not compositional when…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2018-02-07 Simon Doherty , John Derrick , Brijesh Dongol , Heike Wehrheim

First-order logic, and quantifiers in particular, are widely used in deductive verification. Quantifiers are essential for describing systems with unbounded domains, but prove difficult for automated solvers. Significant effort has been…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-09-11 Neta Elad , Oded Padon , Sharon Shoham

We consider the problem of whether a given decision model, working with structured data, has individual fairness. Following the work of Dwork, a model is individually biased (or unfair) if there is a pair of valid inputs which are close to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-23 Philips George John , Deepak Vijaykeerthy , Diptikalyan Saha

In this paper we explore fundamental concepts in computational complexity theory and the boundaries of algorithmic decidability. We examine the relationship between complexity classes \textbf{P} and \textbf{NP}, where $L \in \textbf{P}$…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Duaa Abdullah , Jasem Hamoud

We show that the question whether a term is typable is decidable for type systems combining inclusion polymorphism with parametric polymorphism provided the type constructors are at most unary. To prove this result we first reduce the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Sabine Glesner , Karl Stroetmann

The Massively Parallel Computation (MPC) model serves as a common abstraction of many modern large-scale data processing frameworks, and has been receiving increasingly more attention over the past few years, especially in the context of…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-01-08 Danupon Nanongkai , Michele Scquizzato

Boolean satisfiability problem has applications in various fields. An efficient algorithm to solve satisfiability problem can be used to solve many other problems efficiently. The input of satisfiability problem is a finite set of clauses.…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2021-05-25 Manoj Kumar