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$ $We study solutions of difference equations in the rings of sequences and, more generally, solutions of equations with a monoid action in the ring of sequences indexed by the monoid. This framework includes, for example, difference…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2020-03-19 Gleb Pogudin , Thomas Scanlon , Michael Wibmer

For any class of operators which transform unary total functions in the set of natural numbers into functions of the same kind, we define what it means for a real function to be uniformly computable or conditionally computable with respect…

Logic · Mathematics 2013-10-23 Ivan Georgiev , Dimiter Skordev

The problem of finding small unsatisfiable cores for SAT formulas has recently received a lot of interest, mostly for its applications in formal verification. However, propositional logic is often not expressive enough for representing many…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2014-01-17 Alessandro Cimatti , Alberto Griggio , Roberto Sebastiani

Conditions for the unique solvability of the Cauchy problem for a family of scalar functional differential equations are obtained. These conditions are sufficient for the solvability of the Cauchy problem for every equation from the family…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2013-06-20 Eugene Bravyi

Proof scores can be regarded as outlines of the formal verification of system properties. They have been historically used by the OBJ family of specification languages. The main advantage of proof scores is that they follow the same syntax…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Adrian Riesco , Kazuhiro Ogata , Masaki Nakamura , Daniel Gaina , Duong Dinh Tran , Kokichi Futatsugi

We prove that the word problem is undecidable in functionally recursive groups, and that the order problem is undecidable in automata groups, even under the assumption that they are contracting.

Group Theory · Mathematics 2017-11-28 Laurent Bartholdi , Ivan Mitrofanov

The expression problem describes a fundamental tradeoff between two types of extensibility: extending a type with new operations, such as by pattern matching on an algebraic data type in functional programming, and extending a type with new…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Bohdan Liesnikov , David Binder , Tim Süberkrüb

Developing classification algorithms that are fair with respect to sensitive attributes of the data has become an important problem due to the growing deployment of classification algorithms in various social contexts. Several recent works…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-16 L. Elisa Celis , Lingxiao Huang , Vijay Keswani , Nisheeth K. Vishnoi

The cellular tree classifier model addresses a fundamental problem in the design of classifiers for a parallel or distributed computing world: Given a data set, is it sufficient to apply a majority rule for classification, or shall one…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2013-06-26 Gérard Biau , Luc Devroye

The relationship between the complexity classes P and NP is a question that has not yet been answered by the Theory of Computation. The existence of a language in NP, proven not to belong to P, is sufficient evidence to establish the…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2014-07-08 Frank Vega Delgado

Causal reasoning is essential to science, yet quantum theory challenges it. Quantum correlations violating Bell inequalities defy satisfactory causal explanations within the framework of classical causal models. What is more, a theory…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-05 Jonathan Barrett , Robin Lorenz , Ognyan Oreshkov

This paper considers the problem of kernel regression and classification with possibly unobservable response variables in the data, where the mechanism that causes the absence of information is unknown and can depend on both predictors and…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-12-07 Majid Mojirsheibani , William Pouliot , Andre Shakhbandaryan

We study the complexity of constraint satisfaction problems involving global constraints, i.e., special-purpose constraints provided by a solver and represented implicitly by a parametrised algorithm. Such constraints are widely used;…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-07-11 David A. Cohen , Peter G. Jeavons , Evgenij Thorstensen , Stanislav Živný

We classify order $3$ linear difference operators over $\mathbb{C}(x)$ that are solvable in terms of lower order difference operators. To prove this result, we introduce the notion of absolute irreducibility for difference modules, and…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2025-10-10 Heba Bou KaedBey , Mark van Hoeij , Man Cheung Tsui

A finite constraint language $\mathscr{R}$ is a finite set of relations over some finite domain $A$. We show that intractability of the constraint satisfaction problem $\operatorname{CSP}(\mathscr{R})$ can, in all known cases, be replaced…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2017-05-02 Lucy Ham , Marcel Jackson

This paper presents the first in a series of results that allow us to develop a theory providing finer control over the complexity of normalisation, and in particular of cut elimination. By considering atoms as self-dual non-commutative…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2022-07-01 Andrea Aler Tubella , Alessio Guglielmi

Classifications of irreducible components of the set of polynomial differential equations with a fixed degree and with at least one center singularity lead to some other new problems on Picard-Lefschetz theory and Brieskorn modules of…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Hossein Movasati

The famous no-cloning principle has been shown recently to enable a number of uncloneable functionalities. Here we address for the first time unkeyed quantum uncloneablity, via the study of a complexity-theoretic tool that enables a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-14 Anne Broadbent , Martti Karvonen , Sébastien Lord

This paper presents a theory of systemic undecidability, reframing incomputability as a structural property of systems rather than a localized feature of specific functions or problems. We define a notion of causal embedding and prove a…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Seth Bulin

The problem of computing spectra of operators is arguably one of the most investigated areas of computational mathematics. However, the problem of computing spectra of general bounded infinite matrices has only recently been solved. We…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2022-09-20 Matthew J. Colbrook , Anders C. Hansen