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Why do modern language models, trained to do well on next-word prediction, appear to generate coherent documents and capture long-range structure? Here we show that next-token prediction is provably powerful for learning longer-range…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Xinyuan Cao , Santosh S. Vempala

We present RepRank, an unsupervised graph-based ranking model for extractive multi-document summarization in which the similarity between words, sentences, and word-to-sentence can be estimated by the distances between their vector…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-25 Zongyi Li , Xiaoqing Zheng , Jun He

We propose new static word embeddings optimised for sentence semantic representation. We first extract word embeddings from a pre-trained Sentence Transformer, and improve them with sentence-level principal component analysis, followed by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Takashi Wada , Yuki Hirakawa , Ryotaro Shimizu , Takahiro Kawashima , Yuki Saito

We propose a method to learn unsupervised sentence representations in a non-compositional manner based on Generative Latent Optimization. Our approach does not impose any assumptions on how words are to be combined into a sentence…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-08-14 Sidak Pal Singh , Angela Fan , Michael Auli

Continual learning is an emerging paradigm in machine learning, wherein a model is exposed in an online fashion to data from multiple different distributions (i.e. environments), and is expected to adapt to the distribution change.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-29 Binghui Peng , Andrej Risteski

Morphologically rich languages accentuate two properties of distributional vector space models: 1) the difficulty of inducing accurate representations for low-frequency word forms; and 2) insensitivity to distinct lexical relations that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-06-02 Ivan Vulić , Nikola Mrkšić , Roi Reichart , Diarmuid Ó Séaghdha , Steve Young , Anna Korhonen

It is important for machines to interpret human emotions properly for better human-machine communications, as emotion is an essential part of human-to-human communications. One aspect of emotion is reflected in the language we use. How to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-08-23 Ji Ho Park

Deep Learning (DL) , a variant of the neural network algorithms originally proposed in the 1980s, has made surprising progress in Artificial Intelligence (AI), ranging from language translation, protein folding, autonomous cars, and more…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-07-24 Stephen Josè Hanson , Vivek Yadav , Catherine Hanson

A lot of work has been done in the field of image compression via machine learning, but not much attention has been given to the compression of natural language. Compressing text into lossless representations while making features easily…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-08-05 Gabriele Prato , Mathieu Duchesneau , Sarath Chandar , Alain Tapp

We propose a novel framework to understand the text by converting sentences or articles into video-like 3-dimensional tensors. Each frame, corresponding to a slice of the tensor, is a word image that is rendered by the word's shape. The…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-08 Bin Liu , Guosheng Yin , Wenbin Du

Neural network architectures have been extensively employed in the fair representation learning setting, where the objective is to learn a new representation for a given vector which is independent of sensitive information. Various…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Mattia Cerrato , Marius Köppel , Alexander Segner , Stefan Kramer

Text Categorization is traditionally done by using the term frequency and inverse document frequency.This type of method is not very good because, some words which are not so important may appear in the document .The term frequency of…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2016-11-25 Srikanth Bethu , G Charless Babu , J Vinoda , E Priyadarshini , M Raghavendra rao

Unsupervised text embedding methods, such as Skip-gram and Paragraph Vector, have been attracting increasing attention due to their simplicity, scalability, and effectiveness. However, comparing to sophisticated deep learning architectures…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2015-08-04 Jian Tang , Meng Qu , Qiaozhu Mei

Vector-space representations provide geometric tools for reasoning about the similarity of a set of objects and their relationships. Recent machine learning methods for deriving vector-space embeddings of words (e.g., word2vec) have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-06-12 Dawn Chen , Joshua C. Peterson , Thomas L. Griffiths

Most conventional sentence similarity methods only focus on similar parts of two input sentences, and simply ignore the dissimilar parts, which usually give us some clues and semantic meanings about the sentences. In this work, we propose a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-07-18 Zhiguo Wang , Haitao Mi , Abraham Ittycheriah

Conventional word embeddings represent words with fixed vectors, which are usually trained based on co-occurrence patterns among words. In doing so, however, the power of such representations is limited, where the same word might be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-01-10 Hongming Zhang , Jiaxin Bai , Yan Song , Kun Xu , Changlong Yu , Yangqiu Song , Wilfred Ng , Dong Yu

We propose a neural embedding algorithm called Network Vector, which learns distributed representations of nodes and the entire networks simultaneously. By embedding networks in a low-dimensional space, the algorithm allows us to compare…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2017-09-11 Hao Wu , Kristina Lerman

Unsupervised vector representations of sentences or documents are a major building block for many language tasks such as sentiment classification. However, current methods are uninterpretable and slow or require large training datasets.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-03 Eric Zelikman , Richard Socher

Adversarial vulnerability remains a major obstacle to constructing reliable NLP systems. When imperceptible perturbations are added to raw input text, the performance of a deep learning model may drop dramatically under attacks. Recent work…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-28 Jiahao Zhao , Wenji Mao

Dense vector representations for textual data are crucial in modern NLP. Word embeddings and sentence embeddings estimated from raw texts are key in achieving state-of-the-art results in various tasks requiring semantic understanding.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-06 Sonal Sannigrahi , Josef van Genabith , Cristina Espana-Bonet
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