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Related papers: Balancing mass and momentum in the Local Group

200 papers

We use recent proper motion measurements of the tangential velocity of M31, along with its radial velocity and distance, to derive the likelihood of the sum of halo masses of the Milky Way and M31. This is done using a sample halo pairs in…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-18 Roberto E. Gonzalez , Andrey V. Kravtsov , Nickolay Y. Gnedin

We study the dynamics of the Magellanic Clouds in a model for the Local Group whose mass is constrained using the timing argument/two-body limit of the action principle. The goal is to evaluate the role of M31 in generating the high angular…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2009-07-22 Nitya Kallivayalil , Gurtina Besla , Robyn Sanderson , Charles Alcock

The mass of the Local Group (LG), comprising the Milky Way (MW), Andromeda (M31), and their satellites, is crucial for validating galaxy formation and cosmological models. Traditional virial mass estimates, which rely on line-of-sight (LoS)…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-06-04 David Benisty , David Mota

We analyze the velocity field of peripheral members of the Local Group. The Hubble flow at distances from 400 to 1400~kpc, formed by 7 of 11 nearby galaxies, is characterized by an extremely small line-of-sight velocity dispersion of 15…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-06-11 Danila Makarov , Dmitry Makarov , Lidia Makarova , Noam Libeskind

We present several different statistical methods to determine the transverse velocity vector of M31. The underlying assumptions are that the M31 satellites on average follow the motion of M31 through space, and that the galaxies in the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Roeland P. van der Marel , Puragra Guhathakurta

We have measured the proper motion of the Local Group galaxy IC 10 with the Very Long Baseline Array by measuring the position of an H2O maser relative to two background quasars over 4.3 years. After correction for the rotation of the Milky…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 A. Brunthaler , M. J. Reid , H. Falcke , C. Henkel , K. M. Menten

I use the distances and motions of Local Group galaxies to test Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND). The old Local Group timing argument of Kahn & Woltjer, which assumed Newtonian gravity and a simple radial orbit, indicated that the total…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2011-01-17 Yan-Chi Shi

We use Density Estimation Likelihood-Free Inference, $\Lambda$ Cold Dark Matter simulations of $\sim 2M$ galaxy pairs, and data from Gaia and the Hubble Space Telescope to infer the sum of the masses of the Milky Way and Andromeda (M31)…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2021-01-20 Pablo Lemos , Niall Jeffrey , Lorne Whiteway , Ofer Lahav , Niam I Libeskind , Yehuda Hoffman

Based on accurate measurements of distances to nearby galaxies made with Hubble Space Telescope, we determined the radii of the zero-velocity surface: R_0 = 0.96+-0.03 Mpc for the Local Group and R_0 = 0.89+-0.05 Mpc for the group of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 I. D. Karachentsev , O. G. Kashibadze

Space observatories like the Hubble Space Telescope and Gaia are providing unprecedented 6D phase space information of satellite galaxies. Such measurements can shed light on the structure and assembly history of the Local Group, but…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2017-05-03 Ekta Patel , Gurtina Besla , Kaisey Mandel

We present a novel approach based on Bayesian field-level inference capable of resolving individual galaxies within the Local Group (LG), enabling detailed studies of its structure and formation via posterior simulations. We extend the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-11-27 Ewoud Wempe , Guilhem Lavaux , Simon D. M. White , Amina Helmi , Jens Jasche , Stephen Stopyra

This paper argues that the Milky Way galaxy is probably the largest member of the Local Group. The evidence comes from estimates of the total mass of the Andromeda galaxy (M31) derived from the three dimensional positions and radial…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 N. W. Evans , M. I. Wilkinson

We use the very large Millennium Simulation of the concordance $\Lambda$CDM cosmogony to calibrate the bias and error distribution of Timing Argument estimators of the masses of the Local Group and of the Milky Way. From a large number of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2010-03-01 Yang-Shyang Li , Simon D. M. White

The timing argument (TA) aims to find the total mass of the Local Group (LG) from the relative motions of the Milky Way (MW) and Andromeda Galaxy (M31). However, the classical TA always overestimates the LG mass, presumably because it does…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-02-28 Istiak Akib , François Hammer , Yanbin Yang

We use a large sample of isolated dark matter halo pairs drawn from cosmological N-body simulations to identify candidate systems whose kinematics match that of the Local Group of Galaxies (LG). We find, in agreement with the "timing…

The Local Group timing has been one of the first historical probes of the missing mass problem. Whilst modern cosmological probes indicate that pure baryonic dynamics is not sufficient on the largest scales, nearby galaxies and small galaxy…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-06-16 HongSheng Zhao , Benoit Famaey , Fabian Lüghausen , Pavel Kroupa

Predictions from a Galactic Structure and Kinematic model are compared to the absolute proper-motions of about 30,000 randomly selected stars with $9 < B_{\rm J} \le 19$ derived from the Southern Proper-Motion Program (SPM) toward the South…

The Local Group (LG) is an environment accessible to detailed studies of galaxy formation, providing a complement to the early universe. In particular, spectroscopy of resolved stellar populations in the LG provides kinematical and chemical…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-08-05 Ivanna A. Escala

We study the Local Group (LG) dwarf galaxy population predicted by the \apostle $\Lambda$CDM cosmological hydrodynamics simulations. These indicate that: (i)~the total mass within $3$ Mpc of the Milky Way-Andromeda midpoint ($M_{\rm 3Mpc}$)…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-10-08 Azadeh Fattahi , Julio F. Navarro , Carlos S. Frenk

It has long been predicted that the Milky Way (MW) will eventually merge with Andromeda (M31), a view reinforced by \textit{HST} measurements indicating a small M31 transverse velocity. However, using updated \textit{Gaia}-based proper…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-03-25 Hao Wu , Yang Huang , Huawei Zhang , Guangze Sun , Shi Shao