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This paper presents the control and stabilization of the rotary inverted pendulum based on a general controller scheme. The proposed scheme has its foundation in classical control theory, and the importance of an integrator in disturbance…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-09-07 Justin Jacob , Navin Khaneja

This study evaluates the application of a discrete action space reinforcement learning method (Q-learning) to the continuous control problem of robot inverted pendulum balancing. To speed up the learning process and to overcome technical…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-12-06 Mohammad Safeea , Pedro Neto

We introduce a control-tutored reinforcement learning (CTRL) algorithm. The idea is to enhance tabular learning algorithms by means of a control strategy with limited knowledge of the system model. By tutoring the learning process, the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-04-14 Francesco De Lellis , Giovanni Russo , Mario di Bernardo

Motor-actuated pendulums have been established as arguably the most common laboratory prototypes used in control system education because of the relevance to robot manipulator control in industry. Meanwhile, multi-rotor drones like…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-30 Yuchen Li , Omar Curiel , Sheng-Fan Wen , Tsu-Chin Tsao

Most of the advanced control systems use sensor-based feedback for robust control. Tilt angle estimation is key feedback for many robotics and mechatronics applications in order to stabilize a system. Tilt angle cannot be directly measured…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-09-02 Anandhu Suresh , Karnam Venkata Manga Raju

Using the policy gradient algorithm, we train a single-hidden-layer neural network to balance a physically accurate simulation of a single inverted pendulum. The trained weights and biases can then be transferred to a physical agent, where…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-17 Dylan Bates

Time-delayed control in a balancing problem may be a nonsmooth function for a variety of reasons. In this paper we study a simple model of the control of an inverted pendulum by either a connected movable cart or an applied torque for which…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2015-05-27 David J. W. Simpson , Rachel Kuske , Yue-Xian Li

This study investigates the performance of cascade PID control architecture applied to an inverted pendulum on a cart system through both simulation and experimental implementation. A nonlinear model of the system was developed using…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-11 Khalid Mehrab , Md Zamiul Alam , Shadman Tahmid Haque

Reinforcement learning has been successfully used to solve difficult tasks in complex unknown environments. However, these methods typically do not provide any safety guarantees during the learning process. This is particularly problematic,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-07-02 Torsten Koller , Felix Berkenkamp , Matteo Turchetta , Joschka Boedecker , Andreas Krause

Self-balancing robot is based on the principle of Inverted pendulum, which is a two-wheel vehicle balances itself up in the vertical position with reference to the ground. It consists of both hardware and software implementation. Mechanical…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-20 Md. Abid Al Morshed , Md. Mustakim Hayder , Tayfur Rahman Maruf

Control of compliant mechanical systems is increasingly being researched for several applications including flexible link robots and ultra-precision positioning systems. The control problem in these systems is challenging, especially with…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2020-10-23 Prasanna S. Gandhi , Pablo Borja , Romeo Ortega

By the recent spread of machine learning in the robotics field, a humanoid that can act, perceive, and learn in the real world through contact with the environment needs to be developed. In this study, as one of the choices, we propose a…

The mastery of skills such as playing tennis or balancing an inverted pendulum implies a very accurate control of movements to achieve the task goals. Traditional accounts of skilled action control that focus on either routinization or…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2021-12-23 Nicola Catenacci Volpi , Martin Greaves , Dari Trendafilov , Christoph Salge , Giovanni Pezzulo , Daniel Polani

The design of robust controllers for triple inverted pendulum systems presents significant challenges due to their inherent instability and nonlinear dynamics. Furthermore, uncertainties in system parameters further complicate the control…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-08 Tohid Kargar Tasooji , Sakineh Khodadadi

The scope of this work is to provide a self-contained introduction to a selection of basic theoretical aspects in the modeling and control of quantum mechanical systems, as well as a brief survey on the main approaches to control synthesis.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-10-29 Claudio Altafini , Francesco Ticozzi

Spherical robots have garnered increasing interest for their applications in exploration, tunnel inspection, and extraterrestrial missions. Diverse designs have emerged, including barycentric configurations, pendulum-based mechanisms, etc.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-10-04 Aminata Diouf , Bruno Belzile , Maarouf Saad , David St-Onge

Reconfigurable robots are at the forefront of robotics innovation due to their unmatched versatility and adaptability in addressing various tasks through collaborative operations. This paper explores the design and implementation of a novel…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Ollie Wiltshire , Seyed Amir Tafrishi

The main task of an introductory laboratory course is to foster students' manual, conceptual and statistical ability to investigate physical phenomena. Needing very simple apparatus, pendulum experiments are an ideal starting point in our…

Physics Education · Physics 2009-01-09 Ilario Boscolo , Leonardo Gariboldi , Ruth Loewenstein

Due to the advancement of computing and communication technology, networked control systems may soon become prevalent in many control applications. While the capability of employing the communication network in the control loop certainly…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2009-11-24 Kyoung-Dae Kim , P. R. Kumar

The concepts of stability and balance represent many critical problems faced by engineering today. The inverted pendulum on a cart is one such non-linear, unstable, multivariate system whose goal is to determine a suitable control action…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-12 Shamanth S , Aditya Kumar Chari , Harshitha S