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We investigate the most general notion of a private quantum code, which involves the encoding of qubits into quantum subsystems and subspaces. We contribute to the structure theory for private quantum codes by deriving testable conditions…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-08-08 Tomas Jochym-O'Connor , David W. Kribs , Raymond Laflamme , Sarah Plosker

We make an explicit connection between fundamental notions in quantum cryptography and quantum error correction. Error-correcting subsystems (and subspaces) for quantum channels are the key vehicles for contending with noise in physical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-09-29 Dennis Kretschmann , David W. Kribs , Robert W. Spekkens

We define and investigate a notion of entropy for quantum error correcting codes. The entropy of a code for a given quantum channel has a number of equivalent realisations, such as through the coefficients associated with the Knill-Laflamme…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-02-24 David W. Kribs , Aron Pasieka , Karol Zyczkowski

We derive necessary and sufficient conditions for the approximate correctability of a quantum code, generalizing the Knill-Laflamme conditions for exact error correction. Our measure of success of the recovery operation is the worst-case…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-03-25 Cédric Bény , Ognyan Oreshkov

Recent work on approximate quantum error correction (QEC) has opened up the possibility of constructing subspace codes that protect information with high fidelity in scenarios where perfect error correction is impossible. Motivated by this,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-07-31 Prabha Mandayam , Hui Khoon Ng

In certain situations the state of a quantum system, after transmission through a quantum channel, can be perfectly restored. This can be done by 'coding' the state space of the system before transmission into a 'protected' part of a larger…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-05-18 Krzysztof Majgier , Hans Maassen , Karol Zyczkowski

Secure quantum networks are a bedrock requirement for developing a future quantum internet. However, quantum channels are susceptible to channel noise that introduce errors in the transmitted data. The traditional approach to providing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-30 Nitin Jha , Abhishek Parakh , Mahadevan Subramaniam

Probabilistic quantum error correction is an error-correcting procedure which uses postselection to determine if the encoded information was successfully restored. In this work, we deeply analyze probabilistic version of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-12 Ryszard Kukulski , Łukasz Pawela , Zbigniew Puchała

We derive simple necessary and sufficient conditions under which a quantum channel obtained from an arbitrary perturbation from the identity can be reversed on a given code to the lowest order in fidelity. We find the usual Knill-Laflamme…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-08-22 Cédric Bény

In adversarial settings, where attackers can deliberately and strategically corrupt quantum data, standard quantum error correction reaches its limits. It can only correct up to half the code distance and must output a unique answer.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-12 Rahul Arvind , Nikhil Bansal , Dax Enshan Koh , Tobias Haug , Kishor Bharti

We give a brief introduction to private quantum codes, a basic notion in quantum cryptography and key distribution. Private code states are characterized by indistinguishability of their output states under the action of a quantum channel,…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2014-07-08 D. W. Kribs , S. Plosker

We introduce a generalisation of quantum error correction, relaxing the requirement that a code should identify and correct a set of physical errors on the Hilbert space of a quantum computer exactly, instead allowing recovery up to a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-17 Daniel Zhang , Toby Cubitt

We establish operator structure identities for quantum channels and their error-correcting and private codes, emphasizing the complementarity relationship between the two perspectives. Relevant structures include correctable and private…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-02-07 D. W. Kribs , J. Levick , M. I. Nelson , R. Pereira , M. Rahaman

We study the approximate correctability of general algebras of observables, which represent hybrid quantum-classical information. This includes approximate quantum error correcting codes and subsystems codes. We show that the main result of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-12-08 Cédric Bény

Quantum error correction protects quantum information against environmental noise. When using qubits, a measure of quality of a code is the maximum number of errors that it is able to correct. We show that a suitable notion of ``number of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Emanuel Knill , Raymond Laflamme , Lorenza Viola

Complementarity is an essential feature of quantum mechanics. The preparation of an eigenstate of one observable implies complete randomness in its complementary observable. In quantum cryptography, complementarity allows us to formulate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-12 Xingjian Zhang , Pei Zeng , Tian Ye , Hoi-Kwong Lo , Xiongfeng Ma

Quantum error correction allows for faulty quantum systems to behave in an effectively error free manner. One important class of techniques for quantum error correction is the class of quantum subsystem codes, which are relevant both to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-29 Gregory M. Crosswhite , Dave Bacon

The "noncommutative graphs" which arise in quantum error correction are a special case of the quantum relations introduced in [N. Weaver, Quantum relations, Mem. Amer. Math. Soc. 215 (2012), v-vi, 81-140]. We use this perspective to…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2017-06-30 Nik Weaver

In this paper, we address the problem of state communication in finite-level quantum systems through noise-affected channels. Our approach is based on a self-consistent theory of decoding inner products associated with the code and error…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-06 Jorge R. Bolaños-Servín , Yuriko Pitones , Josué I. Rios-Cangas

We introduce a generalized framework for private quantum codes using von Neumann algebras and the structure of commutants. This leads naturally to a more general notion of complementary channel, which we use to establish a generalized…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-08-22 Jason Crann , David W. Kribs , Rupert H. Levene , Ivan G. Todorov
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