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In an earlier paper the authors proved that limits of convergent graph sequences can be described by various structures, including certain 2-variable real functions called graphons, random graph models satisfying certain consistency…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2009-02-10 László Lovász , Balázs Szegedy

In this work, we study some statistical properties of the extreme eigenstates of the randomly-weighted adjacency matrices of random graphs. We focus on two random graph models: Erd\H{o}s-R\'{e}nyi (ER) graphs and random geometric graphs…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2025-06-17 C. T Martínez Martínez , J. A. Méndez Bermúdez

In this paper, a random clique network model to mimic the large clustering coefficient and the modular structure that exist in many real complex networks, such as social networks, artificial networks, and protein interaction networks, is…

Physics and Society · Physics 2017-05-05 Yi-Min Ding , Jun Meng , Jing-Fang Fan , Fang-Fu Ye , Xiao-Song Chen

Understanding the subgraph distribution in random networks is important for modelling complex systems. In classic Erdos networks, which exhibit a Poissonian degree distribution, the number of appearances of a subgraph G with n nodes and g…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-10 S. Itzkovitz , R. Milo , N. Kashtan , G. Ziv , U. Alon

In complex networks the degrees of adjacent nodes may often appear dependent -- which presents a modelling challenge. We present a working framework for studying networks with an arbitrary joint distribution for the degrees of adjacent…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-08-25 Samuel , G. Balogh , Gergely Palla , Ivan Kryven

Exponential-family Random Graph Models (ERGMs) constitute a large statistical framework for modeling sparse and dense random graphs, short- and long-tailed degree distributions, covariates, and a wide range of complex dependencies. Special…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-05-21 Michael Schweinberger , Pavel N. Krivitsky , Carter T. Butts , Jonathan Stewart

Random graphs offer a useful mathematical representation of a variety of real world complex networks. Exponential random graphs, for example, are particularly suited towards generating random graphs constrained to have specified statistical…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-02-09 Alessio Catanzaro , Diego Garlaschelli , Subodh P. Patil

We investigate exponential families of random graph distributions as a framework for systematic quantification of structure in networks. In this paper we restrict ourselves to undirected unlabeled graphs. For these graphs, the counts of…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2016-04-08 Eckehard Olbrich , Thomas Kahle , Nils Bertschinger , Nihat Ay , Juergen Jost

A key requirement for graph neural networks is that they must process a graph in a way that does not depend on how the graph is described. Traditionally this has been taken to mean that a graph network must be equivariant to node…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-24 Pim de Haan , Taco Cohen , Max Welling

Generative models for graphs have been typically committed to strong prior assumptions concerning the form of the modeled distributions. Moreover, the vast majority of currently available models are either only suitable for characterizing…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2012-10-19 Antonino Freno , Mikaela Keller , Gemma C. Garriga , Marc Tommasi

We study the level spacing distribution p(s) in the spectrum of random networks. According to our numerical results, the shape of p(s) in the Erdos-Renyi (E-R) random graph is determined by the average degree <k>, and p(s) undergoes a…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2007-05-23 Gergely Palla , Gabor Vattay

In the last decade it became apparent that a large number of the most interesting structures and phenomena of the world can be described by networks: separable elements, with connections (or interactions) between certain pairs of them.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2009-02-03 Laszlo Lovasz

Complex networks are universal, arising in fields as disparate as sociology, physics, and biology. In the past decade, extensive research into the properties and behaviors of complex systems has uncovered surprising commonalities among the…

Other Quantitative Biology · Quantitative Biology 2015-06-26 Claire Christensen , Reka Albert

We develop random graph models where graphs are generated by connecting not only pairs of vertices by edges but also larger subsets of vertices by copies of small atomic subgraphs of arbitrary topology. This allows the for the generation of…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-04-21 Anatol E. Wegner , Sofia Olhede

We study a one parameter family of random graph models that spans a continuum between traditional random graphs of the Erd\H{o}s-R\'enyi type, where there is no underlying structure, and percolation models, where the possible edges are…

Probability · Mathematics 2008-04-02 Oskar Sandberg

The structure of large-scale social networks has predominantly been articulated using generative models, a form of average-case analysis. This chapter surveys recent proposals of more robust models of such networks. These models posit…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-08-03 Tim Roughgarden , C. Seshadhri

Networks observed in the real world often have many short loops. This violates the tree-like assumption that underpins the majority of random graph models and most of the methods used for their analysis. In this paper we sketch possible…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2014-04-11 Ekaterina Roberts , Anthonius Coolen

Many real life networks present an average path length logarithmic with the number of nodes and a degree distribution which follows a power law. Often these networks have also a modular and self-similar structure and, in some cases -…

Physics and Society · Physics 2010-02-17 Alicia Miralles , Francesc Comellas , Lichao Chen , Zhongzhi Zhang

In an increasingly interconnected world, understanding and summarizing the structure of these networks becomes increasingly relevant. However, this task is nontrivial; proposed summary statistics are as diverse as the networks they…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-04-15 Lee M. Gunderson , Gecia Bravo-Hermsdorff

Using a maximum entropy principle to assign a statistical weight to any graph, we introduce a model of random graphs with arbitrary degree distribution in the framework of standard statistical mechanics. We compute the free energy and the…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2007-05-23 M. Bauer , D. Bernard
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