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Graph Neural Networks achieve remarkable results on problems with structured data but come as black-box predictors. Transferring existing explanation techniques, such as occlusion, fails as even removing a single node or edge can lead to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-27 Lukas Faber , Amin K. Moghaddam , Roger Wattenhofer

Contrastive divergence is a popular method of training energy-based models, but is known to have difficulties with training stability. We propose an adaptation to improve contrastive divergence training by scrutinizing a gradient term that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-14 Yilun Du , Shuang Li , Joshua Tenenbaum , Igor Mordatch

Causal effects are usually studied in terms of the means of counterfactual distributions, which may be insufficient in many scenarios. Given a class of densities known up to normalizing constants, we propose to model counterfactual…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-02-20 Diego Martinez-Taboada , Edward H. Kennedy

Predicting counterfactual outcomes in longitudinal data, where sequential treatment decisions heavily depend on evolving patient states, is critical yet notoriously challenging due to complex time-dependent confounding and inadequate…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-15 Farbod Alinezhad , Jianfei Cao , Gary J. Young , Brady Post

Contrastive Divergence (CD) and Persistent Contrastive Divergence (PCD) are popular methods for training the weights of Restricted Boltzmann Machines. However, both methods use an approximate method for sampling from the model distribution.…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2014-02-17 Mathias Berglund , Tapani Raiko

Recent advancements in open-domain text generation, driven by the power of large pre-trained language models (LLMs), have demonstrated remarkable performance. However, assessing these models' generation quality remains a challenge. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Sidi Lu , Hongyi Liu , Asli Celikyilmaz , Tianlu Wang , Nanyun Peng

With the increasing deployment of machine learning systems in practice, transparency and explainability have become serious issues. Contrastive explanations are considered to be useful and intuitive, in particular when it comes to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-05 André Artelt , Barbara Hammer

Predictive inference is a fundamental task in statistics, traditionally addressed using parametric assumptions about the data distribution and detailed analyses of how models learn from data. In recent years, conformal prediction has…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-26 Matteo Sesia , Stefano Favaro

Understanding community structure has played an essential role in explaining network evolution, as nodes join communities which connect further to form large-scale complex networks. In real-world networks, nodes are often organized into…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Elze de Vink , Akrati Saxena

Effective decision making requires understanding the uncertainty inherent in a prediction. In regression, this uncertainty can be estimated by a variety of methods; however, many of these methods are laborious to tune, generate…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-12-02 Tianhui Zhou , Yitong Li , Yuan Wu , David Carlson

Kernel embeddings of distributions and the Maximum Mean Discrepancy (MMD), the resulting distance between distributions, are useful tools for fully nonparametric two-sample testing and learning on distributions. However, it is rarely that…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-11-07 Ho Chung Leon Law , Christopher Yau , Dino Sejdinovic

Contrastive explanations clarify why an event occurred in contrast to another. They are more inherently intuitive to humans to both produce and comprehend. We propose a methodology to produce contrastive explanations for classification…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-15 Alon Jacovi , Swabha Swayamdipta , Shauli Ravfogel , Yanai Elazar , Yejin Choi , Yoav Goldberg

Neural networks represent data as projections on trained weights in a high dimensional manifold. The trained weights act as a knowledge base consisting of causal class dependencies. Inference built on features that identify these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-24 Mohit Prabhushankar , Ghassan AlRegib

Cross-modality distillation arises as an important topic for data modalities containing limited knowledge such as depth maps and high-quality sketches. Such techniques are of great importance, especially for memory and privacy-restricted…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Hangyu Lin , Chen Liu , Chengming Xu , Zhengqi Gao , Yanwei Fu , Yuan Yao

Contrast pattern mining (CPM) aims to discover patterns whose support increases significantly from a background dataset compared to a target dataset. CPM is particularly useful for characterising changes in evolving systems, e.g., in…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-12-01 Elaheh AlipourChavary , Sarah M. Erfani , Christopher Leckie

In vision classification, generating inputs that elicit confident predictions is key to understanding model behavior and reliability, especially under adversarial or out-of-distribution (OOD) conditions. While traditional adversarial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Pirzada Suhail , Pravesh Khaparde , Amit Sethi

Recent self-supervised contrastive methods have been able to produce impressive transferable visual representations by learning to be invariant to different data augmentations. However, these methods implicitly assume a particular set of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-22 Tete Xiao , Xiaolong Wang , Alexei A. Efros , Trevor Darrell

Deep learning models are widely used for time series classification (TSC) due to their scalability and efficiency. However, their performance degrades under challenging data conditions such as class similarity, multimodal distributions, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Yaoyu Zhang , Chi-Guhn Lee

Given entities and their interactions in the web data, which may have occurred at different time, how can we find communities of entities and track their evolution? In this paper, we approach this important task from graph clustering…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2023-03-29 Namyong Park , Ryan Rossi , Eunyee Koh , Iftikhar Ahamath Burhanuddin , Sungchul Kim , Fan Du , Nesreen Ahmed , Christos Faloutsos

Benefiting from the intrinsic supervision information exploitation capability, contrastive learning has achieved promising performance in the field of deep graph clustering recently. However, we observe that two drawbacks of the positive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-04 Xihong Yang , Yue Liu , Sihang Zhou , Siwei Wang , Wenxuan Tu , Qun Zheng , Xinwang Liu , Liming Fang , En Zhu