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Hierarchical multi-label text classification (HMTC) has been gaining popularity in recent years thanks to its applicability to a plethora of real-world applications. The existing HMTC algorithms largely focus on the design of classifiers,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-13 Xinyi Zhang , Jiahao Xu , Charlie Soh , Lihui Chen

Multi-level Hierarchical Classification (MLHC) tackles the challenge of categorizing items within a complex, multi-layered class structure. However, traditional MLHC classifiers often rely on a backbone model with independent output layers,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Shijing Chen , Mohamed Reda Bouadjenek , Shoaib Jameel , Usman Naseem , Basem Suleiman , Flora D. Salim , Hakim Hacid , Imran Razzak

Utilizing large language models (LLMs) for document reranking has been a popular and promising research direction in recent years, many studies are dedicated to improving the performance and efficiency of using LLMs for reranking. Besides,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Qi Liu , Haozhe Duan , Yiqun Chen , Quanfeng Lu , Weiwei Sun , Jiaxin Mao

Heterogeneous graph neural networks have recently gained attention for long document summarization, modeling the extraction as a node classification task. Although effective, these models often require external tools or additional machine…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Margarita Bugueño , Hazem Abou Hamdan , Gerard de Melo

Tagging systems play an essential role in various information retrieval applications such as search engines and recommender systems. Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs) have been applied in tagging systems due to their extensive world…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Ruiming Tang , Chenxu Zhu , Bo Chen , Weipeng Zhang , Menghui Zhu , Xinyi Dai , Huifeng Guo

Large-Scale Multi-Label Text Classification (LMTC) includes tasks with hierarchical label spaces, such as automatic assignment of ICD-9 codes to discharge summaries. Performance of models in prior art is evaluated with standard precision,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-13 Matúš Falis , Hang Dong , Alexandra Birch , Beatrice Alex

Computational social science (CSS) practitioners often rely on human-labeled data to fine-tune supervised text classifiers. We assess the potential for researchers to augment or replace human-generated training data with surrogate training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-26 Nicholas Pangakis , Samuel Wolken

Table Extraction (TE) consists in extracting tables from PDF documents, in a structured format which can be automatically processed. While numerous TE tools exist, the variety of methods and techniques makes it difficult for users to choose…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Marijan Soric , Cécile Gracianne , Ioana Manolescu , Pierre Senellart

The widespread adoption of large language models (LLMs) has made it difficult to distinguish human writing from machine-produced text in many real applications. Detectors that were effective for one generation of models tend to degrade when…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Sepyan Purnama Kristanto , Lutfi Hakim , Dianni Yusuf

The dissemination of Large Language Models (LLMs), trained at scale, and endowed with powerful text-generating abilities, has made it easier for all to produce harmful, toxic, faked or forged content. In response, various proposals have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Matthieu Dubois , François Yvon , Pablo Piantanida

Hierarchical text classification (HTC) is the task of assigning labels to a text within a structured space organized as a hierarchy. Recent works treat HTC as a conventional multilabel classification problem, therefore evaluating it as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Roman Plaud , Matthieu Labeau , Antoine Saillenfest , Thomas Bonald

Hierarchical Text Classification (HTC) is a challenging task where a document can be assigned to multiple hierarchically structured categories within a taxonomy. The majority of prior studies consider HTC as a flat multi-label…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-20 Chao Yu , Yi Shen , Yue Mao , Longjun Cai

We present a new Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model for text classification that jointly exploits labels on documents and their component sentences. Specifically, we consider scenarios in which annotators explicitly mark sentences (or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-09-27 Ye Zhang , Iain Marshall , Byron C. Wallace

Web development involves turning UI designs into functional webpages, which can be difficult for both beginners and experienced developers due to the complexity of HTML's hierarchical structures and styles. While Large Language Models…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Shanchao Liang , Nan Jiang , Shangshu Qian , Lin Tan

LLM serving systems process heterogeneous query workloads where different categories exhibit different characteristics. Code queries cluster densely in embedding space while conversational queries distribute sparsely. Content staleness…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Chen Wang , Xunzhuo Liu , Yue Zhu , Alaa Youssef , Priya Nagpurkar , Huamin Chen

Code comments are a key resource for information about software artefacts. Depending on the use case, only some types of comments are useful. Thus, automatic approaches to classify these comments have been proposed. In this work, we address…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-03-08 Ali Al-Kaswan , Maliheh Izadi , Arie van Deursen

Extreme multi-label (XML) classification refers to the task of supervised multi-label learning that involves a large number of labels. Hence, scalability of the classifier with increasing label dimension is an important consideration. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-24 Istasis Mishra , Arpan Dasgupta , Pratik Jawanpuria , Bamdev Mishra , Pawan Kumar

Hierarchical text classification (HTC) depends on taxonomies that organize labels into structured hierarchies. However, many real-world taxonomies introduce ambiguities, such as identical leaf names under similar parent nodes, which prevent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Jonas Golde , Nicolaas Jedema , Ravi Krishnan , Phong Le

Multi-label text classification refers to the problem of assigning each given document its most relevant labels from the label set. Commonly, the metadata of the given documents and the hierarchy of the labels are available in real-world…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Yu Zhang , Zhihong Shen , Yuxiao Dong , Kuansan Wang , Jiawei Han

We present a supervised learning algorithm for text categorization which has brought the team of authors the 2nd place in the text categorization division of the 2012 Cybersecurity Data Mining Competition (CDMC'2012) and a 3rd prize…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2013-07-11 Hubert Haoyang Duan , Vladimir Pestov , Varun Singla